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level: Small and Large Intestine

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Small and Large Intestine

QuestionAnswer
What are the three subdivisions of the small intestine?Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
Name this structureDuodenum
Name this structureJejunum
Name this structureJejunum
What is the main function of the small intestineabsorption
Describe the DuodenumFirst portion of the small intestine Receives digestive enzymes and bile from stomach (controlled by sphincters)
What enters the Duodenum?The main pancreatic duct and common bile duct enter the duodenum
Name these structuresblue: Bile duct green: Main pancreatic duct (they enter the duodenum)
Function of the GallbladderStores bile produced by the liver
Function of the pancreasproduces digestive enzymes
Function of the Liverproduces bile
Name this structureGallbladder
Name this structurePancreas
Name this structureLiver
What cells are found in the intestinal wall of the small intestine?Absorptive enterocytes Goblet cells Enteroendocrine cells Intestinal crypts
Function of Absorptive enterocytesuptake digested nutrients
Function of Goblet cellssecrete mucous that lubricates chyme
Function of Enteroendocrine cellssecrete hormones
Function of Intestinal cryptsthey are epithelial cells that secrete intestinal juice
What tissue makes up the small intestine?columnar epithelium
What modifications are found in the small intestine to help with absorption- circular folds (ridges of mucosa and submucosa) - Villi (fingerlike projections of mucosa) - Microvilli (increases surface area)
Name this structureCircular fold
Name this structuresubmucosa
Name this structureSerosa
Name this structureLongitudinal muscle
Name this structurecircular muscle
Name this structureSimple columnar epithelium
Name this structureLacteal
Name this structureVilli
Name this structurelymph nodule
Name this structureIntestinal gland
Name this structureNerve plexus
Name this structuremucous gland in submucosa
Name this structureinner circular layer
Name this structureouter longitudinal layer
Name this structureserosa
Name this structuremicrovilli
Name this structuregoblet cell
Name this structureMesentery
Name this structureMyenteric plexus
Name this structureSubmucosal nerve plexus
Name this structureGlands in submucosa
Name this structureepithelium (simple columnar)
Name this structureLamina Propria
Name this structuremuscularis mucosae
Name this structureLumen
Name this structurelymphoid tissue (in mucosa)
Name this structureSubmucosa
Name this structurecircular layer (inner)
Name this structurelongitudinal layer (external)
Name this structureepithelium
Name this structureconnective tissue
Function of Large IntestineAbsorbs water and electrolytes peristaltic movements forces feces towards the rectum small amount of digestion by bacteria
What are the subdivisions of the Large intestine?Cecum appendix colon rectum anal canal
What are special features found in the Large intestine?- Teniae coli -Haustra -Epiploic appendages
Define Teniae coliTeniae coli is the thickening of longitudinal muscularis
Define HaustraHaustra describes the puckering created by the teniae coli
Define Epiploic appendagesfat filled pouches of visceral peritoneum
Define the cecum- blind pouch - the beginning of the large intestine - where the small and large intestine connect
Define the appendix- serves an immune function - contains lymphoid tissue - neutralizes pathogens
What are the different segments of the colon?- ascending - transverse - descending - sigmoid colon
Define the rectum- end of the large intestine/colon - descends along inferior half of the sacrum
Define the anal canal- last division of the large intestine - lined with stratified squamous epithelium
What are the vessels and nerves found in the first half of the large intestine?supplied by the superior mesenteric artery sympathetic innervation by the superior mesenteric and celiac ganglia parasympathetic innervation by vagus nerve
What are the vessels and nerves found in the distal half of the large intestine?supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery sympathetic innervation by the inferior mesenteric and hypogastric plexus parasympathetic innervation by pelvic splanchnic nerves
Anatomy of the Large intestine- NO villi - contains many goblet cells - simple tubular glands (intestinal crypts) - lined with simple columnar epithelial tissue (colonocytes) except at anal canal (stratified squamous)
Name this structureTransverse colon
Name this structureAscending colon
Name this structureDescending colon
Name this structureappendix
Name this structureCecum
Name this structureRectum
Name this structureAnal canal
Name this structuresigmoid colon
Name this structure (blue)Haustrum
Name this structure (B)ileum
Name this structure (I)Teniae coli
Name this structure (J)Superior mesenteric artery
Name this structurecolonocytes
Name this structureIntestinal crypt
Name this structureMuscularis mucosae
Name this structureopening of intestinal gland
Name this structureLamina propria
Name this structuremuscularis mucosae
Name this structureInternal circular muscular layer
Name this structureexternal longitudinal muscular layer
Name this structuremyenteric plexus
Name these structuresblue: mucosa green: submucosa purple: muscular layer yellow: serous layer