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level: Digestive Processes + Tissue Layers of Digestive Tract

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Digestive Processes + Tissue Layers of Digestive Tract

QuestionAnswer
What are the steps of the Digestive Process?Ingestion Digestion - Mechanical Digestion - Chemical Digestion Absorption Elimination/Defecation
Describe Ingestionoccurs in the mouth, intake of food.
how does dood move through the digestive tract?Through peristalsis (and propulsion)
Define PeristalsisPeristalsis is the major means of propulsion/movement of food. Adjacent segments of alimentary tract organs alternately contract and relax, moving food along the tract distally.
What action does the image show?the picture shoes food or bolus being moved through contractions and relaxations Peristalsis
What is Mechanical Digestion?Mechanical digestion describes chewing (mastication), stomach churning, and segmentation. Prepares food for chemical digestion
Define segmentationSegmentation is rhythmic local constrictions of intestine. Mixes food with digestive juices. Nonadjacent segments of alimentary tract organs alternately contract and relax, moving food forward then backward. Food is mixed and slowly propelled.
What is Chemical Digestion?Chemical digestion occurs in the mouth, stomach, and small intestine. Chemical digestion is where complex molecules are broken down into chemical components. ex: our saliva helps break down food.
Define absorptionAbsorption is the transport of digestion nutrients into the blood.
Define Defecationalso known as elimination, the elimination of indigestible substances as feces
What is found in the Mucosa Layer?a. Epitheliunmn b. Lamina Propia c. Lymphatic vessel d. Muscularis mucosae
What occurs in the epithelium of the Mucosa layer?- exocrine cells and glands secrete digestive juices (enzymes) and (from goblet cells) mucous - endocrine cells and glands secrete hormone into blood stream
Define Lamina PropiaLose to dense connective tissue contains numerous blood and lymphatic capillaries
Define Muscularis MucosaeA thin layer of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle, maintains tone when tube is empty. Stimulated by the sympathetic nervous system.
What is found in the submucosa layer?Submucosal nerve plexus
What is found in the Muscularis Externa Layer?a. oblique muscle b. circular smooth muscle c. longitudinal smooth muscle
Responsibility of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle?responsible for peristalsis
What are the muscle layers (oblique muscle) separated by?myenteric nerve
Define the Serosa LayerThe serosa is a connective tissue layer connected to mesenteries (connective tissue sheets) which themselves connect to connective tissue that lines the adominal cavity.
Name the layers of the digestive tractFrom lumen outward... Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa
l Label the colored portionMucosa layer - epithelium - lamina propria - muscularis mucosae
Label the colored portionSubmucosa
Label the colored portionMuscularis externa - circular smooth muscle - longitudinal smooth muscle
Label the colored portionSerosa - areolar connective tissue - epithelieum
Label the colored portionsblue portion: myenteric plexus green: submucosal plexus
Define gastric glandmostly exocrine glands located beneath gastric pits within gastric mucosa (mucous membrane one stomach) contains many cells
What cells are found in a gastric gland- mucous cells - parietal cells - chief cells
Define mucous cellsmucous neck cells secret a special mucous
Define Parietal cellsParietal (oxyntic) cells secrete hydrochloric acid and gastric intrinsic factor
Define chief cellsChief (zykogenic) cells secrete pepsinogen
Define pepsinogenPepsinogen is activated to pepsin when it encounters acid in the gastric glands.
What tissue is found in the stomach?simple columnar epithelium