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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
The postpartum period is also called the _______.Puerperium
How long does the immediate postpartum period last?6 hours
The later postpartum period lasts ___ weeks after delivery6
The postpartum period is part of which stage of labor?The fourth stage
The uterus contracts in response to which hormone?Oxytocin
Oxytocin is produced by which gland?Posterior pituitary gland
What is the position of the uterine fundus immediately after birth?Midway between umbilicus and symphysis pubis
What is the position of the uterine fundus 12 hours after birth?Level of umbilicus
After birth, what is the rate of descent of the fundus?One fingerbreadth per day
The decrease in size of the uterus is called ________.Involution
Autolysis is a result of sudden withdrawal of________ and _________Estrogen and progesterone
Lochia consists of which 3 components?Blood Tissue Mucus
Discharge that becomes pink to brown is called _____ _______.Lochia serosa
Describe the appearance of lochia rubraBright red drainage
What is yellow to white discharge called?Lochia alba
When should hemorrhage related to lacerations be suspected ?If bleeding continues despite a firm, contracted uterine fundus
When should an episiotimy be healed?2-3 weeks
List the factors leading to obstetric lacerations of the lower genital tract?Operative birth Precipitous birth Congenital abnormalities Contracted pelvis
What type of lacerations are the most common in the lower genital tract?Perineal
Describe a first-degree perineal laceration?Extends through skin and structures superficial to muscle
A laceration extending through the muscles of the perineal body is what degree laceration?Second-degree
What kind of laceration continues through the sphincter muscle?Third-degree
Describe a fourth degree perineal lacerationInvolves anterior rectal wall
Estrogen stimulates the growth of the milk ducts to prepare for _________.Lactation
The production of colostrum continues for how long?2 days after delivery
Colostrum is rich in:Protein Calories Antibodies Lymphocytes
Prolactin is secreted by which gland?Posterior pituitary
What is prolactin responsible for?Stimulating milk production
What causes the release of oxytocin?Stimulation of the nipples
What stimulates the contraction of mammary ducts, ejecting the milk from the breasts?Oxytocin
How much blood is lost during delivery?300mL - 500mL
What accounts for the most fluid loss after delivery?Diuresis and diaphoresis
Why is the mother at risk for thrombus in the early postpartum period?Due to elevation of platelets
After childbirth, women have a _______ urge to voidDecreased
Bladder tone is normally restored within how many days of birth?5 to 7 days
After bladder tone is restored, what is the normal daily output of urine?3 L
Postpartum headaches may be caused by:Hypertension Stress Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid
When do estrogen and progesterone reach their lowest levels after delivery?1 week into the postpartum period
The estrogen levels in nonlactating women are higher by postpartum day ____ than in women who breastfeedday 17
The anterior pituitary gland secretes _________ ONLY in response to nipple stimulationProlactin
If the woman is not found to be sensitized and gives birth to an Rh positive infant, they must receive RhoGAM within how many hours of delivery?72 hours
List 5 postpartum maternal danger signs:Fever Maloderous discharge Excessive vaginal discharge Bright red vaginal bleeding Edema
If the mother has been under general anesthesia, what must be assessed prior to offering solid foods?Presence of bowel sounds
The breast feeding mother should increase their caloric intake by how much?300 to 500 kcal/day
Why might the postpartum woman experience vertigo while showering?Due to vascular shifts related to heat of the shower
Why should the nurse encourage voiding after birth?A full bladder interferes with the complete contraction of the uterus
When should initial voiding occur after childbirth?4 to 6 hours
How often should perineal pads be changed?After each urination or defecation
Enemas and suppositories are contraindicated in women who experience which degree lacerations?Third and fourth-degree
During the recovery stage, what is key in prevention of complications?Early ambulation
Chilling is a normal reaction to the stress of _______.Labor
When is bradycardia not considered abnormal?If other vital signs are within normal limits
What contributes to orthostatic hypotension in the postpartum woman?Pooling of blood in the viscera
What should be kept on hand to revive the patient who is ambulating for the first time?Ammonia ampules
Vital signs usually stabilize within the first __ hours of delivery2 hours
What is considered indicative of puerperal infection?Temperature of 100.4 or higher on 2 consecutive days during the first 10 days after delivery
Inactivity predisposes the patient to the development of _________Thrombophlebitis
What kind of exercises tone without causing undue exertion?Isometric exercises
The patient should void before checking the _______Fundus
The new breast feeding mother feeds her baby at ___ to ___ hour intervals through the night2 to 3 hour intervals
How often should the lochia and fundus be checked after birth?Every 15 minutes for the first 1-2 hours
Which oxytocic medications are prescribed to to induce uterine contractions?Oxytocin (Pitocin) Maleate (Methergine)
Hematomas ae most common after deliveries in which what instrument is used?Forceps
What are afterbirth pains?Cramping sensations that result from the contraction of the uterus
Ibuprofen are used cautiously in people with which 3 conditionsKidney disease Heart disease Taking diuretics
After delivery, the mother is instructed to make a follow-up appointment within how many weeks?6 weeks
When are healthy babies seen by a physician after birth?At 2 weeks of age
Babies who are discharged before 48 hours of age are seen by the health care provider within how many days?2 to 5 days of discharge
Well baby visits continue until what age?18 months
Well baby visits are scheduled every __ to __ months2 to 3 months
The baby's first doctors appointment after birth is aimed at reviewing which factors?Nutritional status Elimination Presence of jaundice
What is the respiratory rate of the newborn?30 to 60 breaths per min
What is the pulse rate of the newborn?120 - 160
How much does the average newborn weigh?7 lbs 8 oz
The head circumference of the newborn is how much larger than the circumference of the chest?1 inch
What is the head circumference of the average newborn?13 to 14 in
When should the apical pulse of the newborn be auscultated?While the infant is asleep
What kind of heart sounds are common in the newborn?Murmurs
When half of the baby's body appears deep red and the other half appears pale as a result of vasomotor disturbance, this is known as __________ sign.Harlequin
Jaundice that occurs sooner than 48 hours after birth is called _______ jaundicePathologic jaundice
What might pathologic jaundice be the result ofMaternal-fetal blood incompatibility
At birth, the skin is covered in a yellowish white, cream cheese-like substance. What is this substance called?Vernix caseosa
What is the purpose of vernix caseosa?Protects the infants skin from amniotic fluid
When does the anterior fontanelle close?18 months
At what age does the posterior fontanelle close?2 months
What are Epstein pearls?White nodules on the hard palate
A two vessel cord may indicate:Congenital abnormalities
Infection of the newborn's eyes, usually resulting from gonorrheal other infection contracted from the birth canal is called ________ __________.Opthalmia neonatrum
At what distance can newborns see best?8 to 10 inches
When does the umbilical cord usually fall off?10 to 14 days
When soiled, the cord should be cleaned with ________Water
What is the term for undescended testes in the neonate?Cryptochidism
What should the newborn's spine look like?Straight without curves
What is the term for extra digits?Polydactyl
The malformation of digits is called _______.Syndactyly
Newborns have low _______ levels and are at risk for hemorrhageprothrombin
Where should intramuscular injections be administered in the newborn?Vastus lateralis
How much weight does the newborn lose in the first week of life?10%
How many kcals per day does the healthy newborn need?120kcal
How much fluid is intake is necessary for the newborn?140-160 mL/kg/day
Colostrum is rich in:Protein Calories Antibodies Lymphocytes Immunoglobins
When does the pregnant mother begin producing colostrum?Last trimester
How long is transitional milk produced?For 1 week
How long is colostrum produced after delivery?2 to 4 days
What is the newborn's first feeding if bottle fed?15 to 30mL of sterile water
What is the newborn's normal hematocrit level?14-24 g/dL
What is the newborn's normal glucose level?40 - 60 mg/dL
What is the newborn's normal bilirubin level?0-1 mg/dL
Normal hemoglobin levels for the newborn are:14-24 g/dL
What is the basis of most formulas?Bovine milk
The newborn loses heat through:Radiation Evaporation Conduction Convection
What kind of soap should be used for the initial bath?Nonmedicated mild soap
What should be used to clean the ears and nostrils?Cotton balls
The newborn's temperature should be reassessed ___ minutes after the bath30 minutes
The bathing room should be set at ___ degrees75 degrees
The newborn's bath water should be set to ___ degrees100 degrees
The newborn should void within how many hours of delivery?24 hours
Small pink or brown discharge from the urethra is the result of:Uric acid crystals
What substances make up meconium?Vernix Lanugo Mucus Other substances from amniotic fluid
The newborn's first stool is odorless, black-green and sticky. What is this stool called?Meconium
How many hours per day does the newborn spend sleeping?16 - 20 hrs
What can a high-pitched cry indicate?Neurological problems
Newborns prefer to look at ______ over _______.Faces over patterns
List 5 postpartum danger signs for parent-newborn relationships1. Passive reaction 2. Hostile reaction 3. Disappointment over gender 4. Lack of eye contact 5. Nonsupportive interaction between parents
What kind of lochia immediately follows delivery?Lochia rubra
Where is breast engorgement usually observed first?Axillary region
On which postpartum day does breast engorgement usually occur?Third postpartum day