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level: SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

Questions and Answers List

level questions: SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

QuestionAnswer
MAJOR CLASSES OF CELL SURFACE RECEPTORG-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR
MAJOR CLASSES OF CELL SURFACE RECEPTORG-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR
MAJOR CLASSES OF CELL SURFACE RECEPTORLIGAND ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR
MAJOR CLASSES OF CELL SURFACE RECEPTORTYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR
MAJOR CLASSES OF CELL SURFACE RECEPTORENZYMATIC RECEPTOR
SIGNALING MOLECULE RESPONSIBLE FOR CELL INHIBITION/ STIMULATIONLIGAND
A SPECIFIC PROTEIN RESPONSIBLE IN BINDING OF SIGNALLING MOLECULE`RECEPTOR
LIPOPHILIC RECEPTOR FOUND WITHIN THE CELLINTRACELLULAR RECEPTOR
LIPOPHOBIC / HYDROPHILIC RECEPTOR FOUND OUTSIDE THE CELLCELL-SURFACE RECEPTOR
HORMONES ARE THE SIGNALLING MOLECULE WHEREIN CELL SEND SIGNALS FROM FAR TARGET CELLENDOCRINE SIGNALING
SIGNALING MOLECULES RELEASED BY THE CELL ONLT TO AFFECT CLOSE PROXIMITYPARACRINE SIGNALING
CELL RELEASE SIGNALING MOLECULE WITHIN THEMSELVES. IT IS ALSO OBSERVABLE ON TUMOR CELLSAUTOCRINE SIGNALING
HOW DOES SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION OCCUR 1. THE TARGET CELL WILL THEN DETECT THE SIGNALING MOLECULE BY A SPECIFIC RECEPTOR PROTEIN 2. IT WILL THEN NOW BE RELEASED BY THE SIGNALING CELL 3. CELL WILL SYNTHESIS ITS SIGNALING MOLECULE 4. AND TRANSFER THE SIGNALING MOLECULE TO THE TARGET CELL 5. AFTER THE RESPONSE IS GIVEN THEIR WILL NOW BE A TERMINATION OF SIGNAL WHERE THE SIGNALING MOLECULE WILL BE REMOVED FROM THE RECEPTOR 6. A CHANGE WILL OCCUR WITHIN THE CELL RESULTING TO A TRIGGERED EFFECT (EITHER STIMULATE/ INHIBITED)3, 2, 4, 1, 6, 5
DETERMINES THE SPECIFICITY OF THE LIGAND TO ITS RECEPTORLIGAND BINDING SPECIFICITY
DETERMINES THE SPECIFIC CELLULAR RESPONSE OF THE CELLEFFECTOR SPECIFICITY
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONESSMALL LIPOPHILIC MOLECULE
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONESWATER SOLUBLE HORMONES
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONESSMALL CHARGED MOLECULE
DIFFERENT CLASSIFICATION OF HORMONESLIPOPHILIC MOLECULE WITH HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT
A SPECIFIC LIGAND BINDING TO A G-PROTEIN RECEPTOR WOULD LEAD TO ACTIVATION OF?G PROTEIN
BINDING OF LIGAND WOULD EITHER CHANGE THE CONFORMATION OF THE RECEPTOR ALLOWING EITHER ION EFFLUX OR INFLUXLIGAND ION CHANNEL RECEPTOR
EXAMPLE OF LIGAND ION CHANELACETYLCHOLINE
EXAMPLE OF G-PROTEINSEROTONIN
THESE RECEPTORS DO NOT EXHIBIT INTRINSIC CATALYTIC ACTIVITY, BINDING TO IT WILL TURN THE RECEPTOR INTO DIMERICTYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR
WHAT WILL HAPPEN IF THE TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR ACTIVATESTHERE WILL BE A SUCCESSIVE ACTIVATION OF TYROSINE KINAE DOWNSTREAM
EXAMPLE OF TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTORGROWTH FACTOR
EXAMPLE OF TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTORCYTOKINE
EXAMPLE OF TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTORINTERFERON
EXAMPLE OF G-PROTEINGLUCAGON
EXAMPLE OF G-PROTEINEPINEPHRINE
ENZYMATIC RECEPTORGROWTH FACTOR AND INSULIN
LIGAND ACTIVATES THIS RECEPTOR'S INTRINSIC ENZYMATIC ACTIVITYENZYMATIC RECEPTOR
THIS RECEPTOR IS AN ENZYME AWAITING ACTIVATION BY A LIGANDENZYMATIC RECEPTOR
SECOND MESSENGERS:Inositol phospholipids (phosphoinositides)
SECOND MESSENGERS:Inositol 1,4,5 triphosphate (IP3)
SECOND MESSENGERS:1,2 diacylglycerol (DAG)
SECOND MESSENGERS:3’ 5’ cyclic AMP (cAMP)
SECOND MESSENGERS:3’ 5’ cyclic GMP (cGMP)
SECOND MESSENGERS:Calcium
SIGNALING PROTEINSGTPASE SWITCH PROTEIN
SIGNALING PROTEINSPROTEIN KINASE
GTPASE SWITCH PROTEINTRIMERIC G PROTEIN
GTPASE SWITCH PROTEINMONOMERIC RAS AND RAS LIKE PROTEIN
A G-PROTEIN THAT IS DIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH RECEPTORSTRIMERIC G PROTEIN
A SWITCH PROTEIN THAT IS INDIRECTLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE RECEPTORMONOMERIC RAS AND RAS LIKE PROTEIN
AN ENZYME THAT BINDS GTP TO RELEASE PHOSPHATE AS ENERGY SOURCE. THIS ALSO STANDS AS A MOLECULAR SWITCHESGTPASE SWITCH PROTEIN
TYPE OF SWITCH PROTEIN THAT ACTIVATES REACTIONGTP
TYPE OF SWITCH PROTEIN THAT INHIBITS REACTIONGDP
A SIGNALING PROTEIN THAT ACTIVATES IN RESPONSE TO STIMULATION OF SIGNALING PATHWAYS, IT ALSO CARRIES OUT PROCESS OF PHOSPHORYLATIONPROTEIN KINASE
A SIGNAL PROTEIN THAT DOES NOT PARTICIPATE IN CATALYTIC ACTIVITY BUT CONTAINS DOMAINS THAT ATTACH TO OTHER PROTEIN TO MAKE THEM FUNCTIONALADAPTER PROTEINS
TYPES OF SIGNALING PATHWAYG-PROTEIN COUPLED RECEPTOR SIGNALING (GPCR)
TYPES OF SIGNALING PATHWAYRECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE SIGNALING (RTK) AND RAS
TYPES OF SIGNALING PATHWAYMITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN SIGNAL (MAP)
GPCR ARE LINKED IN WHAT TYPE OF G-PROTEINTRIMERIC G PROTEIN
HOW MANY TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAINS AN GPCR HAVE7 TRANSMEMBRANE PROTEIN
WHY DOES TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAIN IMPORTANT IN GPCRTHE TRANSMEMBRANE DOMAINS OF GCPR BINDS TO LIGAND CAUSING FOR THE TRIMETRIC G PROTEIN TO BE ACTIVATED
WHAT ARE THE SUBUNITS OF TRIMERIC G PROTEINSα, β, γ
DOES GTP INITIALLY ATTACHED TO INACTIVE FORM OF G PROTEIN TRUE OR FALSEFALSE
WHAT HAPPENS IF TRIMERIC G-PROTEIN BINDS TO A LIGAND?GDP WILL BE RELEASED CAUSING FOR GTP TO BIND ON THE ALPHA-G-PROTEIN
WHAT WILL HAPPENED IF ALPHA-G-PROTEIN IS ACTIVATEDGTP WILL HYDROLYZE FORMING PHOSPHATIDYL INOSITOL (Pi) WHICH WILL BE RELEASE RESULTING FOR THE GDP IN THE ALPHA SUBUNIT TO RETURN TO ITS FORMER POSITION WITH Gβ AND Gγ
GPCR ACTIVATES GENERATION OF THE FOLLOWING 2ND MESSENGERScAMP
GPCR ACTIVATES GENERATION OF THE FOLLOWING 2ND MESSENGERSIP3
GPCR ACTIVATES GENERATION OF THE FOLLOWING 2ND MESSENGERSDAG
GPCR ACTIVATES GENERATION OF THE FOLLOWING 2ND MESSENGERSCa++
ADENYLY CYCLASEWHAT ENZYME FORMS cAMP FROM ATP
A 2ND MESSENDGER PRODUCED FROM HYDROLYSIS OF PYROPHOSPHATE FROM ATPcAMP
1. _____ A SECOND MESSENGER THAT REGULATES CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM AND ACTIVATES 2. _______cAMP ; ACTIVATES GLYCOGEN PHOSPHORYLASE PROMOTING GYCOGENOLYSIS
DIFFERENT CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF cAMPGLYCOGENOLYSIS
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF cAMPGLYCOGENESIS
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF cAMPcAMP IS INHIBITED BY INSULIN
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM OF cAMPcAMP IS ACTIVATED BY EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGON
ACTIVATED BY EPINEPHRINE AND GLUCAGONcAMP
cAMP INHIBITS GLYCOGEN SYNTHASEGLYCOGENESIS
cAMP ACTIVATES GLYCOGENGLYCOGENOLYSIS
WHAT SUBSTANCE INHIBITS cAMPINSULIN
ENZYME CONVERTS PHOSPHATIDYL INOSITOL (Pi) INTO PHOSPHATIDYL TRIPHOSPHATE (PIP3) AND DIACYLGLYCEROL (DAG)PHOSPHOLIPASE C β
SUBSTANCE RELEASE IN RESULT TO INCREASED IP3CALCIUM
WHAT ACTIVATES KINASE C TO PHOSPHORYLATEDAG AND CALCIUM
SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM PHOSPHOINOSITIDESPHOSPHATIDYL INOSITOL (Pi)
SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM PHOSPHOINOSITIDESPHOSPHATIDYL PHOSPHATE (PIP)
SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM PHOSPHOINOSITIDESPHOSPHATIDYL BI[HOS[HATE (PIP2)
SUBSTANCES DERIVED FROM PHOSPHOINOSITIDESPHOSPHATIDYL TRIPHOSPHATE (PIP3)
WHAT WOULD RELEASE CALCIUM FROM THE ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUMPHOSPHATIDYL TRIPHOSPHATE (PIP3)
WHAT IS THE INACTIVATED FORM OF RTKMONOMER
WHAT IS THE ACTIVATED FORM OF RTKDIMER
WHAT WILL HAPPENED IF A LIGAND BINDS TO RTKAUTOPHOSPHORYLATION OF TYROSINE RESIDUE IN CYTOSOLIC DOMAIN WILL BE ACTIVATED
AN INTRACELLULAR MONOMERIC OF GTPASERAS
WHAT IS THE ACTIVATED PROTEINS OF RASGEF
INACTIVATED PROTEINS OF RASGAP
GAP - INACTIVATED PROTEIN BECAUSE OFGDP
GEF - ACTIVATED PROTEIN BECAUSE OFGTP
SUBTYPE GRB2SH2 AND SH3 DOMAINS
GRB2 SUBTYPE THAT BINDS TO PHOSPHOTYROSINE RESIDUESH2 DOMAIN
GRB2 SUBTYPE THAT BINDS TO ACTIVATE SoSSH3 DOMAIN
FUNCTIONS AS GEF (GUANINE NUCLEOTIDE EXCHANGE PROTEIN) OF RTKSoS
THIS CONVERTS GDP-RAS TO GTP-RASSoS
A SIGNALING PATHWAY THAT TRANSLOCATES TO THE NUCLEUS TO PHOSPHOSRYLATE PROTEIN INVOLVED IN TRANSCRIPTIONMITOGEN ACTIVATED PATHWAY (MAP)
PROTEIN THAT BINDS IN THE ACTIVE OF RAS IN ORDER TO BE ACTIVATEDRAF
PROTEIN THAT BINDS IN THE ACTIVE OF RAS IN ORDER TO BE ACTIVATEDMEF
ACTIVATED BY RAS TO BE RECRUITED IN THE MEMBRANE AND IN ORDER TO ACTIVATE MEKRAF
ONCE RAS IS ACTIVATED, ______ WILL BE RECRUITED TO THE MEMBRANE AND WILL BE ACTIVATED.RAF
RAS WILL RETURN TO ITS INACTIVE STATE WHILE _____ WILL ACTIVATE MEF IN ORDER TO ACTIVATE MAP KINASERAF
A PROTEIN THAT ACTIVATES MAPMEF
A CIS ACTING DNA SEQUENCE IN GENEcAMP RESPONSE ACTING ELEMENT (CRE)
cAMP RESPONSE ACTING ELEMENT IS ACTIVATED BY WHAT SECOND MESSENGERcAMP
TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR WHERE CRE BINDCRE-BINDING PROTEIN (CREB)
ALLOWS CREB TO STIMULATE TRANSCRIPTIONCBP/300
SEQUENCE F G-PROTEIN CAMP PATHWAY 1. CREB WILL NOW BIND TO CO-ACTIVATOR CBP/3006 2. cAPK WILL DIRECTLY GO TO THE NUCLEUS AND PHOSPHORYLATE CREB 3. cAMP DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE (cAPK) WILL BE ACTIVATED BY cAMP3,2,1