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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
What are some characteristics of birds?• Feathers • Wings • Bill • Specialized skeleton • Hand, head, pelvis, feet • Centralized body mass • Endotherms (40-44oC) • Efficient circulatory and respiratory systems • Rapid and efficient digestive system • Advanced nervous system and acute vision • Reduction in the number of some organs • Oviparity
What are the purpose of feathers?– Support for flight – Insulation / water-proofing – Signalling, camouflage
What is a passerine bird?Perching bird
What are 6 keys to identifying birds?1. Size & Shape 2. Colour Pattern 3. Field Marks 4. Behaviour 5. Habitat 6. Songs & Calls – not as helpful for all birds
What are 3 factors that account for difference in plumage within the same species?Age, sex, and season
How do most birds moult? What kind of birds are the exception and how do they moult?One pair of feathers at a time to maintain balance Waterfowl; they shed feathers all at once
How do birds navigate when migrating?• Magnetic compass • Celestial navigation – Solar + Moon and stars • Navigation by sight – Topographical landmarks
Why do birds migrate North?• Benefits must offset costs – Day length – longer days to feed / raise young – Space – 8X more = Less competition + don’t need to wait to breed – Food – quantity, quality, less exploited – Fewer predators and parasites
What are the 4 main flyways birds use to migrate?• Atlantic • Mississippi • Central • Pacific
Why do some ducks migrate to moulting areas?– Abundant food – Protection from predators
What are the 2 types of newly hatched birds?– Precocial • Covered with down • Can run, swim or walk when they hatch • E.g., waterfowl, gamebirds – Altricial • Naked and vulnerable • Remain in the nest • E.g., raptors, songbirds
Why is monogamy prevalent in birds?1. Both parents required to raise young – Especially altricial young 2. Males can’t monopolize resources required to support extra mates
In polygynous birds is it more common to have precocial or altricial young?Precocial
What are the 3 purposes of courtship displays?1. Ensure same species breed together 2. Synchronize reproductive cycles 3. Help partners assess each other
What is a lek?An area where males congregate to engage in courtship rituals
What are the benefits of leks?Females can compare males Safer from predators