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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
When is ideal to drill sugar beet and why?Late March for longer growing season and warmth to aid germination
What main post emergence herbicide options are there for ABLW? List the "Conviso One" at the endClopyralid, ethofumesate, Phenmedipham, metamitron, lenacil, Triflusulfuron, foramsulfuron
What are the Stemphylium symptoms? What is the % yield lossLarge necrotic lesions, up to 42% yield loss
What does a silver seed treatment signify?Standard BCN and APYR varieties
Name the 3 main aphid vectored viruses in beet and what aphid carries themBeet yellow virus, Beet mild yellowing virus, Beet chlorosis virus, peach potato aphid, black bean aphid
What is the target plants/ha at harvest?80-100k
What is a good seed rate?110k seeds/ha
What are the pre-emergence options for Sugar Beet? What does each control?Ethofumesate for grass weeds, Metamitron for blw, quinmerac for blw
What is a soil based issue to pre-em herbicides in Sugar Beet?Often grown in high organic soils, which causes a rapid breakdown of pre-em activity
Briefly list the herbicide programmes for Sugar Beet.Conviso, Broadacre, FAR, Managed
What can the effect can 1 tall weed/m2 have on yield?Reduction by 11%
Other than a pre-emergence kill of weeds, what benefits are given by pre-em herbicides?Sensitizes weeds for following post-em treatments
What will Conviso one not control?Clearfield OSR volunteers
What are weed beet controls?Bolting resistant varieties, hand rogueing, weed wipe, wide rotation
What is the reasoning behind a force seed treatment in sugar beetsoil pest complex and pygme beetles
What is the peach potato aphid threshold up to 12 leaves?1 aphid/ 4 plants
What is the peach potato aphid threshold between 12-16 leaves?1 aphid/ plant
What micronutrients are high risk for deficiency in light soils?Manganese and boron
What is the threshold for leaf miner in beet?if there are more eggs+larvae than leaves/m2
What is docking disorder also known as?Hen and chick
What causes black heart in beet?Manganese deficiency
What causes hollow heart in beet?Boron deficiency
What is the integrated programme for peach potato aphids in beet?Removal of host species throughout non cropped seasons and maintain beneficial insect populations
What are the main risk factors for BCN?Tight rotations, host species, organic sandy soils
What is the threshold for use of tolerant varieties and control for BCN?10 eggs/g
What are the symptoms of blackleg in beet?Blackened, withered cotyledons
What is the best management for blackleg?Hymexazol seed treatment
What is the vector for BNYVV?Polymyxa betae
How long is polymyxa betae viable in the soil for? What is its ideal conditions?15 years, moist and 12 degrees and above
What is the potential root loss caused by Rhizomania?70%
What are high risk factors of Rhizomanialight sandy soils
What are cultural controls for Rhizomania?Reduce soil movement, Partially resistant cultivars
What is the yield loss significance of BYV?50%
What is the yield loss significance of BMYV?30%
What are the control methods for BYV, BChV & BMYVRemove green bridge, Flonicamid insecticide
When is T1 for sugar beet?Late July
When is T2 in sugar beet?Late August
When can you expect to see Violet Root Rot?Late September
What are the symptoms of Violet Root Rot?Dark wilting leaves, superficial tubor rot
What are integrated control methods for Violet Root Rot?Volunteer control, host species control, avoid carrots in rotation
Describe the FAR method of sugar beet weed control, how often it is sprayed and the advantages vs disadvantagesF=Phenmedipham, A=Activator=Ethofumesate, R=Residual=Metamitron used every 7-10 days until the canopy closes over. Crop safe as less active used and less management input, but more passes
Describe the standard management approach to sugar beet weed control and its advantages and disadvantagesCrop is walked every week until the canopy closes. Weeds are identified and herbicides are specifically prescribed. Sprayed every 10-14 days. Less passes, more accurate recommendation, more management, more active ingredient
Describe the Conviso smart beet method of sugar beet control, how often it is sprayed and its advantages and disadvantagesConviso smart beet variety is selected, a pre-em spray of Conviso One (Foramsulfuron) is applied. The crop is sprayed once only, less passes, less management, expensive, less control
Describe the Broadacre approach to sugar beet weed control, how often it is sprayed and its advantages and disadvantagesA robust mix of herbicides is use everytime with a higher rate and less applications. The crop is sprayed every 3-4 weeks. Less management, good weed kill, less crop safe, expensive
How can volunteer potatoes be controlled in sugar beet?Clopyralid
Why are the managed and FAR herbicide methods arguably more effective?Low dose rates and targeting weeds at a young age
What herbicides are available for grassweeds?Graminicides, cycloxydim, propaquizafop, fluazifop
How can volunteer beet be controlled?Prevent bolters, delay drilling, hand rogue, 1 in 7 rotation, spray in other crop
How much can 1 weed beet/m2 reduce yield by?10%
What does a pink seed treatment signify?No insecticide, sedexane and fludioxinil
What does a green seed treatment signify?Tefluthrin insecticide, sedexane and fludioxinil
What does a metallic green/blue seed treatment signify?Tefluthrin insecticide, BCN and AYPR varieties
What are the 3 constituents of the soil pest complex? (SPC) Where are they mostly a risk?Springtails, symphilids and millipedes. Mostly an issue on organic and silty soils
What beet pest is closely associated with the soil pest complex? Describe their life cycle briefly and when damage is likely seenPygmy mangold beetle, adults feed in March, lay eggs around plants in summer and larvae feed on beet roots of mature plants.
What is the symptom of Pygmy Mangold Beetle damage?Blackened pits on the stem and roots
What is the symptom of wireworm damage?Blackened tunnel wounds below the soil surface
What is the threshold for economic damage in leatherjackets?25/m2
How can leatherjackets be controlled?Rotational, avoid beet after grass
What is the symptoms of Beet flea beetle?Shot holing of leaves
Describe the symptoms of beet leaf miner damage, their life cycle, threshold and control methodsMining in the leaf, extensive mining causes death. Eggs laid under leaf end of April to early June, apply lambdacyhalothrin when larvae + eggs = square of the number of true leaves.
Describe Capsid symptomsMulti-crowning or distortion of growing point
Describe thrip damage symptomsSilvery, brown colouring on unfurled heart leaves
What is the main vector of Virus yellows (BYV, BMYV, BChV)Peach Potato Aphid
What is the symptom of virus yellows?Yellowing between the leaf veins
When can Peach Potato Aphid migrations likely be expected?Early summer
What is the threshold for Black Bean Aphids, and what are the symptoms of damage? How can they be controlled10% of plants have colonies, vector BYV and direct feeding to heart leaves, Control with flonicamid
What seed treatment could be applied to protect against damping off and other seed bourne diseases?Tachigaren
What seed treatment could be applied to protect against rhizoctonia and phoma diseases?Vibrance ST
What virus is Rhizomania?Beet necrotic yellow vein virus
What foliar fungicide could be applied?Escolta
What is the approximate yield loss from Rhizomania?70%
What are the management controls for Rhizomania?Varietal resistance, reduce soil movement
What yield loss can be experienced with virus yellows?30-50%
Is BYV persistent or non persistent?Non persistent
Is BMYV persistent or non persistent?Persistent
What are the control methods for BVY?Reduce green bridge, volunteers, old clamps, flonicamid
Describe Beet yellows virusChlorosis, orange/ red at leaf tip
Describe Beet mild yellowing virusSlight chlorosis
Describe beet chlorosis virusChlorosis with veins very visible
Why would inclusion of strobulurins be beneficial in the fungicide programme?Greening effect, increased sugar content
Name a BCN resistant varietyLacewing
Name a variety with BYV resistanceKWS Maruscha
Why was cruiser (neonicitinoid seed treatment) not approved for emergency use 2021?9% threshold of likely aphid infestation not met
When are sugar beet likely harvested?Early autumn - spring
What is the target sugar content for sugar beet?18-20%