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level: Special Terms

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Special Terms

QuestionAnswer
PupilDark opening of the eye where light passes through
IrisMuscle around the pupil that controls the amount of light that enters the pupil
CorneaTransparent layer of tissue that covers the anterior eyeball
LensTransparent, biconvex structure behind the pupil
Anterior ChamberPortion of the eyeball between the cornea and iris
Ciliary BodyMuscle on each side of the lens that adjusts the shape of the lens
Vitreous ChamberArea behind the lens containing a jelly-like fluid called vitreous humor
ScleraThe white, outer coat of the eyeball
ChoroidMiddle, vascular coat of the eyeball
RetinaLight-sensitive innermost layer of the eyeball
MaculaSmall, yellowish area above the optic disk containing the fovea centralis
Optic DiskCommonly called the "Blind Spot", portion where the retina meets the optic nerve
Optic NerveCranial nerve that carries impulses from the eye to the brain
Aqueous HumorThin, watery fluid produced by the ciliary body; used to nourish the lens and maintain ocular pressure
CanthusCorner of the eye
ConesPhotoreceptor cells of the retina responsible for color and central vision
ConjuctivaThin, delicate mucous membrane lining the eyelids and anterior eyeball
MaculaSmall, yellowish area above the optic disk containing the fovea centralis
Nictitating MembraneThird eyelid, protects the eye
OrbitBony cavity of the skull containing the eyeball
PalpebraEyelid
RodsPhotoreceptor cells of the retina responsible for night and peripheral vision
Tapetum LucidumIridescent layer of epithelium that gives the eye the property of shining in the dark; helps improve night vision
UveaVascular layer of the eye
Vitreous HumorClear, jelly-like fluid in the vitreous chamber that gives the eyeball its shape
AnopthalmusCongenital anomaly in which the animal lacks one or both eyes
CataractClouding of the lens leading to decreased vision
EctropionTurning outward of the eyelid
EntropionTurning inward of the eyelid
EnucleationRemoval of the eyeball
EsotropiaCross-eyed
ExopthalmusForward protrusion of the eyeballs
ExotropiaDeviation of one eye outward
FloatersParticles in the vitreous fluid that cast shadows on the retina
GlaucomaIncreased intraocular pressure resulting in damage to the eye
HypertropiaCondition in which one eye deviates upward
HypotropiaCondition in which one eye deviates downward
MiosisAbnormal contractions of the pupils
MydriasisAbnormal dilation of the pupils
Nuclear SclerosisDrying out of the lens with age
NystagmusRhythmic, rapid, back-and-forth movement of the eyes
Palpebral ReflexBlink reflex when the eyelids are touched
PhotophobiaSensitivity or visual intolerance to light
ProptosisForward displacement of the eye from its orbit
TonometerInstrument to measure intraocular pressure
TonometryMeasurement of intraocular pressure
AuricleFlap of the ear
CerumenWaxy substance secreted by the sebaceous glands in the auditory canal
CochleaSpiral, snail-shaped tube in the inner ear containing fluid that is essential for hearing
EndolymphFluid within the inner ear
Eustachian TubeChannel that connects the middle ear to the pharynx
IncusSecond ossicle of the inner ear
LabyrinthMaze-like structure of the inner ear
Organ of CortiSensitive receptor area in the cochlea
OssiclesSmall bones of the middle ear
Semicircular CanalsThree tubes of the inner ear used to maintain equilibrium
StapesThird ossicle of the inner ear
Tympanic MembraneEardrum; Membrane between the outer and middle ear
Aural HematomaMass of blood in the ear flap
Otitis ExternaInflammation of the external ear
Otitis MediaInflammation of the middle ear
Otitis InternaInflammation of the inner ear
VertigoSense of dizziness