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Questions and Answers List

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QuestionAnswer
First organized nursing orginzationsOrder of virgins and order of widows (catholics early middle/dark ages 500-1000 AD)
Early Christian era1-476 CE (nursing care provided by deaconesses of the early church)
Founded first hospital and personally cared for sick and injuredFabiola, a deaconess (380 AD in Rome)
Early Middle ages476-1000 (aka dark ages when educational growth slowed tremendously, aspects of nursing esteemed by catholic church)
DeaconessesAlso early nurses (1-476 ad) Well bred cultured women, usually widows or daughters of Romans (early Christian era)
First deaconess and visiting nursePhoebe (55 AD )
Peak of deaconesses400 AD in constantinople or Turkey, when the church took away deaconesses
Hospitals of the middle ages (476-1000 AD) were within....Monastaries
First nursing order of nunsThe Augustinian sisters ( early middle ages. 476-1000 AD)
More highlights of early middle agesThe Dark ages, Catholic church, nursing performed by monks and nuns, monks kept learning alive with preservation of Greek teachings, personal care and comfort (which is foundation of nursing) replaced anatomy and physiology and medicinal practices
Cathedrals and universities were founded ....in the early middle ages
Early hospital in Paris founded in.... and staffed by....650 AD, St. Augustian nuns
Santa Spirito hospitalFounded in Rome in 717 AD (an early hospital)
High Middle Ages1000-1475... almost all aspects of life dominated by Catholic church; The church and nursing orders were dominant. The church, not medicine, held authority over nursing and patient care
Crusades1095-1291 (reopened western civilization following the dark/early middle ages; Religous wars that sought to reclaim the Holy land from moslems)
Crusaders adopted ....Organized facilities, hospitals, to care for the sick and wounded from Moslem practices
Bright Red CrossSymbol for Knights Hospitallars of St. John of Jeruslalem during Crusades
HospicesEstablished during High Middle Ages (about 1000-1500 AD) and founded within monastaries to welcome travelers and protect persons from the outside world
Seperate hospitals for the sick were founded by....Crusaders who returned from Jerusalem; staffed by secular and religous orders
The Renassaince13-1600. Medicine took priority over nursing, which became dormant. Martin Luther ended dominance of catholasism with the REFORMATION (15-1600).
1347-1351Bubonic plague killed 1/4 of Europe as merchants brought back the epidimic from the Arab nations. leading to the decline of catholosism as hope was lost
Foundational thought of the RenassianceThe idea that the world could be studied with discovery and exploration
The Reformation closed....Monastaries and religious orders
Under Protestianism and the Reformation women....were considered subordinate to men and stopped working outside the homes as nurses and teachers, as they did under catholosism
The reformation opened industrial work and high populations which led toagricultural society and deplorable living conditions. Nursing was performed by prostitutes, as a type of community service in place of jail time
St. Vincent de Paul with follower Louise de MarillacFounded Sisters of Charity in 1633 and kept nursing alive following the reformation until 1820
German Theodor Fliedner opens....Kaiserswerth Deaconess Institution in 1836First real nursing school
A Londoner, John Howard (1726–1790), fought for reforms in public health and....prisons
Elizabeth FryFollowed John Howards work and organized a group called the Protestant Sisters of Charity, later called the Institute of Nursing Sisters, to provide nursing care for London’s poor.
Gertrude Reichardt.First Keiserworth deaconess
Dr. Elizabeth BlackwellAmerica's first women physician who encouraged Nightingale to become a nurse
After training, Nightingale returned to Paris and worked with....Sisters of Charity
Florence returned to London, where she became superintendent of a small institution....the Establishment for Gentlewomen During Illness.
During Crimean war, French casualties were taken care of by ... The Russians were cared for by the ...the Sisters of Charity, Sisters of Mercy.
On October 21, 1854Florence Nightingale left for the war front with 38 women
the Nightingale School opened in...1860.
Florence Nightingale died in1910 at age 90
Nightingale was born onMay 12, 1820 in Florence Italy
J. H. Dunant was instrumental in foundingthe International Red Cross in Switzerland in 1864
The germ theory of disease developed in1876 by Robert Koch, a German bacteriologist, was that bacteria, not “bad air,” carry anthrax and other diseases.
The first nursing school in the United States was opened in1872 at the New England Hospital for Women and Children in Boston.
Bellevue Hospital’s Training, which modeled Nightingale's school, opened in1873
the Mills School of Nursing, a school for training male nursesthe Mills School of Nursing, a school for training male nurses, was opened at Bellevue Hospital in the late 1800s
Dorothea Lynde Dix (1802–1887)First army nurse: treatment of mentally ill
Clara Barton (1821–1912)Angel of the battlefieldField hospitals during Civil WarFormed American Association of the Red Cross in 1881
Linda Richards (1841–1930)First US trained nurseDeveloped system for writing accurate patient reports. Founder of documentation
Mary Eliza Mahoney (1845–1926)First African American graduate professional nurse in the United States.Integration, retention, and advancement of minorities in nursing
Lavinia Dock (1858–1956)Organized National League for Nursing
Mary Adelaide Nutting (1858–1948)Founded first college—level department of nursingInstrumental in raising standards of nursing education
Isabel Hampton Robb (1860–1910)Advocated nurses’ rights, a Three-year training program, Six-day work week, Eight-hour workday, and licensure
Lillian Wald (1867–1940)Founded public health nursing in the United Statesk
Adah Belle Samuel Thoms (Circa 1870–1943))Equal opportunity crusader for African American people in nursing Wrote Pathfinders: A history of the progress of colored graduate nurses
Annie W. Goodrich (1866–1955)Wrote plans for the Army School of Nursing
Margaret Sanger (1879–1966)Founded the American birth control leagueFirst birth control clinic in the United StatesFirst president of International Planned Parenthood Federation
Susie Walking Bear Yellowtail (1903–1981)Montana nurse worked to end abuses in Native American health care systemFounder of the Native American Nurses Association1962 President’s award for “Outstanding Nursing Health Care”
Hildegard Peplau (1909–1999)“Mother of psychiatric nursing”Development of theory and practice of psychiatric and mental health nursing
Martha Elizabeth Rogers (1914–1994Discoverer of the science of unitary human beingsTherapeutic touch
Mary Elizabeth Carnegie (1916–2008)Author of The Path We Tread: Blacks in Nursing Worldwide Initiated baccalaureate nursing program at African American Hampton University Dean and Professor at Florida A&M University
Randolph Rasch (1952–Present))First African American man to graduate in nursingFirst African American male public health nurseFirst African American man to complete an MSN as a family nurse practitionerFirst African American man to earn a PhD in nursing
Ildaura Murillo-Rohde (1933–2010)Created the National Association of Hispanic Nurses
Rebecca Anderson (1957–1995)An LPN who died trying to save victims of Oklahoma city bombing
YWCA 1892 introduced informalinformal 3-month LPN course in Brooklyn, NY
The Ballard School Of Practical NursingDeveloped the First formal LPN curriculum in 1897
Mississippi was the first state to offer the....option to be licensed
World War II brought aboutShortage of registered nurses and an Increased demand for practical/vocation nurses
National League for Nursing Education formed in1918
New York mandated licensure of practical nurses in1938
National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service (NAPNES) established the....Established department of education and the department of service
National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN) developed in1949 by Lillian Kuster
Purpose of Quality Improvement/Quality Assurance/Risk Management goalsEnsure patients receive quality care in a safe environment Evaluation and improvement of level of service to patients Lowest possible cost
Floor nurse duty of 1887: Each nurse on day duty will report every day at 7 am and leave at 8 pm excepton the Sabbath on which day you will be off from 12 to 2 pm.
By 1955 all states had laws forLPN liscensing
NAPNES and NALPNset standards for practical nursing practice, generally promote and protect the interests of practical nurses, and educate and inform the general public about practical nursing.
Began accrediting nursing programs in 1984 instead of napnesNational League for nursing (NLN)