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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
What is the primary sensory system of the human body?The visual system
The eyes contain ___% of the sensory receptors of the body.70%
Name the 5 orbital bones:1. Frontal 2. Zygomatic 3. Ethmoid 4. Sphenoid 5. Lacrimal
What are tears composed of?Water Mucus Lysozyme
What gives shape to the eye?The sclera
The outer most layer of the eye is composed of the _____ and ______.Sclera and cornea
What is the clear layer that covers the iris?Cornea
The cornea is innervated by which cranial nerve?Cranial nerve V (Trigeminal)
Which reflex protects the retina from intense light and permits clearer, acute near vision?Pupillary constriction
Which part of the eye receives images and transmits impulses through the optic nerve to the brain?Retina
______ are receptors for vision in dim light and do not perceive colorRods
Rods and cones respond to light by way of ________.Photopsin
Which vitamin is required to synthesize photopsin?Vitamin A
What helps maintain the eye's shape, keeps retina attached to the choroid, and refracts light?Aqueous humor
How does vitreous humor differ from aqueous humor?It is not replaced continuously
What are the 4 basic processes necessary to form an image?1. Refraction 2. Accommodation 3. Constriction 4. Convergence
What does puffing air onto the surface of the open eye measure?Intraocular pressure
Which study uses a cone-shaped device to depress the eyeball and assess for internal pressure?Goldmann tonometry
At what distance should a blind person's walking companion should precede them?1 foot
What is the primary resource for services for the blind patient?The local government
Condition of nearsightedness is called _______Myopia
What is hyperopia?The condition of farsightedness
Keratitis is inflammation of the ______.Cornea
What is the most common VIRAL agent responsible for corneal inflammation?HSV
What is the most common symptom of keratitis?Severe eye pain
What treatment is contraindicated in a patient with keratitis?Corticosteroids
What is a keratoplasty?Corneal transplant
Keratitis can be triggered by which 3 factors?Stress Illness Ultraviolet light
What is the definitive test for dry eye?Schirmer's test
What are normal results of a Schirmer's test?5 to 10mm of wet paper (after 5 minutes)
Which medication in the form of drops can manage dry eye?Cyclosporine
What is the outward turning of the eyelid margin?Ectropion
What is entropion?The inward turning of the eyelid margin
When is a patient an appropriate candidate for cataract surgery?When palliative measures no longer provide acceptable level of visual function
What kind of changes in vision are produced early in diabetic retinopathy?No changes
Capillary microaneurysms, hemorrhage, exudates, and the formation of new vessels are characterizations of ________ ________.Diabetic retinopathy
What is used to destroy blood vessels, seal leaking vessels, and help prevent retinal edema?Photocoagulation
What are the 2 types of macular degeneration?Wet type Dry type
What type of age-related macular degeneration occurs in 90% of cases?Dry
What kind of vision do patients with age-related macular degeneration have?Close vision
What is the main symptom of macular degeneration?Gradual and variable loss of central vision
What is the hallmark of age-related macular degeneration?Drusen in the fundus
Macular degeneration does not damage _______ vision.Peripheral
Central vision damage cannot be _________Restored
Which supplements have been shown to improve the progression of advanced ARMD?Vitamin C, E, beta-carotene, and zinc
Retinal reattachment is successful in __% of cases90%
When is maximum vision achieved after surgery for retinal detachment?3 months
How is the head positioned if air is injected into the vitreous?Unaffected eye upward, lying on abdomen or sitting forward 4-5 days
Glaucoma is characterized by which 3 factors?1. Increased IOP 2. Optic nerve atrophy 3. Progressive loss of peripheral vision
What will the pupils look like in a patient with closed-angle glaucoma?Enlarged and fixed
What is the normal range of IOP?10 -22 mm Hg
What is the IOP in a patient with open-angle glaucoma?Between 22- 32 mm Hg
What might the IOP be in a patient with closed-angle glaucoma?50 mm Hg or higher
How often should patients over 65 receive an eye exam?every 1-2 years
Hoe often should patients between 40 and 64 years of age receive an eye exam?every 2 to 4 years
The incidence of glaucoma is increased in which population?African-American
What is the most common cause of corneal injuries?Foreign bodies
What are miotics?Agents that cause the pupil to constrict
Surgical removal of the eyeball is called:Enucleation
Corneal grafts are taken from the organ donor within ___ hours of death4 hours
Corneas of people with which conditions are not appropriate for transplantation?AIDS Cancer Hepatitis
Donor's tissue is best used within __ hours of removal5 hours
How is a patient positioned post keratoplasty?On back or non operative side
What is the vitreous fluid replaced with after a vitrectomy?Normal saline
After a vitrectomy, the patient should maintain which position for 4 to 5 days?Lay on abdomen or sit forward; this allows air in the eye to float against the retina
Where can an infection of the middle ear spread if left untreated?The mastoid process
The cochlea contains which organ?Organ of Corti (organ of hearing)
What percentage is considered normal in a whispered voice test?50%
During a Weber test, the sound is louder in which ear?The affected ear
Involuntary rhythmic movement of the eye is known as what?Nystagmus
What is the third most common chronic condition in people over 65?Loss of hearing (deafness)