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level: Data security

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Data security

QuestionAnswer
what is data security?Prevention of unauthorized access and destruction of data
What is data integrity?Safeguarding the accuracy of the data
What is a password? What is a strong password?A set of characters that are needed to be entered in order to get access to a computer system or file A strong password is a password that is difficult for the hackers to workout
What are the features of a strong password?8 or more characters Combination of uppercase, Lower case, digits and symbols Should be regularly changed
What is a firewall? What are the functions of the firewall?A combination of hardware and software which attempts to prevent unauthorized access over network -It inspects all incoming and outgoing data, to see if it follows the rules given by the user -Prevents the data from entering if it does not follow the rules -Keeps a log of all incoming and outgoing data -Prevents viruses from accessing the computer -Prevents user from accessing undesirable websites
What are the disadvantages of a firewall?The firewall can be mistakenly switched off The firewall can be bypassed The firewall will not protect you against operator error
What are the uses/features of Anti-Hacking software?Monitors the computer for anything suspicious May issue a warning if the firewall is switched off or an attempt is made to enter incorrect password 8 times Monitors network traffic and issues a warning for unusual drops in network speed
What is hacking? Give examplesUnauthorized access of a computer system or file Eg: 1) Personal data is stolen and a person pretends and does things such as apply for a job or loan 2)Modification of data
What are the methods of prevention against hacking?Password Firewall Ant-Hacking software
What is cracking?Altering the software to bypass its security and use it illegally This may include violating its copy protection features
What is a virus? What are its effects?A program which replicates itself without the permission of the user Causes the computer to crash(computer becomes unresponsive) Corrupts the data, deletes data or formats the hard disk
What are the methods of prevention against virus?Install and run antivirus software, update the software regularly Be careful when opening emails/attachments from unknown sources Be careful when accessing/downloading files from unknown websites/sources
What is phishing? What are the effects of phishing?The victim gets an email from what seems to be a trusted source, which convinces to disclose personal information. The email may contain a link, which the user may be required to follow, to type details Identity theft- By stealing personal details and preventing to be him, it is possible to apply for loans and jobs Bank and credit card information can be stolen and used for other reasons
What are the methods of prevention of phishing ?ISB filters out phishing emails Do not reply to emails asking for personal information without confirming with the sender itself
What is pharming? what are the effects of pharming?Malware delivered through a email causes the browser to be redirected to a fake website that looks like original, when the user types his personal data it is stored Identity theft- By stealing personal details and preventing to be him, it is possible to apply for loans and jobs Bank and credit card information can be stolen and used for other reasons
What are the methods of preventions against pharming?Install anti-malware software Check the URL before typing the data
What is war driving? What are the effects of war-driving?Using up your victims data capacity The victims personal data might be stolen
What are the methods of prevention against war driving?Put a password to your wi-fi access point
What is a spyware? What are the features of a spyware?Collects personal information about the user and sends it to the person who installed the spyware
What are the features of a spyware?Records key presses (keylogger) Takes screenshot of the desktop Records audio and video
What are the methods of prevention against spyware?Install and run antispyware Use on screen keyboard
What are cookies?Cookies are small files downloaded from websites which collects anonymous information about the user, this includes: sites visited, products purchased, and articles read
What are the uses of cookies ?Personalize the websites for the user preference Advertising They create an anonymous user profile which holds information about the user that cannot be used to identify
What can be done to safeguard from accidentally deleting data?Make the file read only Give only authorized people the right to delete data Save the data regularly Use of backups
What are hardware faults?Disk head crash- READ/WRITE head hits the surface of the disk Loss of power
What can be done to safeguard against hardware faults?Have uninterrupted power supply Back up the data regularly Use cloud back up( Back up onto your google drive- the internet)
What are software faults?Compatibility issues- Some software such as drivers which you have installed may not be 100% compatible with the rest of your hardware and software
What are are the safeguards against software faults?Save data regularly Back up data regularly
What is maloperation of equipment?Removing a flash memory drive without disconnecting Incorrect shut down of computer
What are the safeguards against maloperation of equipment?Proper training to your employees Do back up regularly
What is a proxy server? What are its functions?A computer situated between the web server and user's computers Acts as a firewall Using a cache memory, stores commonly used pages which can be given to the user when needed, faster Hides the IP address of the user's computer of the network from outsiders
What are security protocols?A set of rules that are used to protect data while it is being detected
What is SSL(Secure Socket Layer)?A security protocol used in data transmission which encrypts the entire message
How do you know if SSL is being used ?A green padlock will be displayed on the screen or the URL will show "HTTPS"
What happens when a browser requests for webpage that uses SSL?1)The browser sends a request to the server to communicate 2)It also sends a signal to the server to identify itself 3)The server sends back the SSL certificate 4)The browser verifies the identity of the server using the SSL certificate 5)The browser sends a signal confirming the identity of the server 6)The sender sends an acknowledgement and the encrypted communication session begins
What are the disadvantages of SSL?The entire message has to be encrypted The SSL rules cannot be updated
What is TLS(Transport Layer Security)?A more recent protocol The browser can decide which part of the message could be encrypted The rules can be upgraded
What are the two layers in TLS?Record layer - Deals with how the data should be encrypted Handshake layer- Deals with the initial exchange of signals to identify each other
What is session cracking ?A new technology that allows you to save a communication session and then resumes it later than starting a new session
What is the advantage of session cracking?This saves time when commencing a communication session
What is encryption? How does it work?Encryption is converting the data into a form that cannot be understood until it is decrypted The message is entered into the encryption program Key is entered The program produces the encrypted message
What is plain text and cypher text?Plain text - Unencrypted message Cypher text - Encrypted message
What is Asymmetric encryption? How does it work?Encryption where two keys are used, one to encrypt and one to decrypt 1)Both sender and receiver will have two keys: one public key, one private key 2)Public keys are exchanged 3)The sender encrypts the message using receivers public key 4)Message transmitted to receiver 5)The receiver decrypts the message using the receivers private key
What is the application of asymmetric encryption?Used in e-shopping websites
What is authentication? How is it done?Verifying the identity of the sender 1)The sender enters the message into the hashing program 2)The hashing program produces the message digest 3)Message digest is encrypted using senders private key and the digital signal is created 4)The signature is sent along with the message to the receiver 5)The receiver decrypts the message using the sender's public key 6)If it cannot be decrypted using a sender's public key, it has not been sent by the correct person
What is DOS(Denial Of Service attack)?Used to prevent genuine users from accessing a specific website Malware is made to infect a large number of computers through email The malware receives a signal from its creator and then attempts to simultaneously access a specific website This prevents genuine users from accessing the site or using its services
What is symmetric encryption and where is it used ?Encryption where the same key is used to both encrypt and decrypt Instant messaging software
Why is longer encryption keys better?As longer encryption keys have more possible combinations it will be harder for the hacker to workout making it safer
What can be done with free software ?It can be downloaded free of charge to study and modify It can be embedded into other software It can be distributed free of charge
What cannot be done with free software ?Cannot be used for illegal purposes Cannot us it to produce software Cannot use to help violate copyright law
What can be done with freeware ?Can be downloaded free of charge
What cannot be done with freeware ?Cannot be modified or distributed to others Cannot be copied without permission
What are the features of a shareware?Can be downloaded free of charge but the user must pay to use after a period of time Till the software is activated all the options may not be available