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level: Structural organization

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Structural organization

QuestionAnswer
anabolismprocess of building up complex proteins from simpler substances
catabolismprocess of breaking down complex foods into simpler substances
metabolismthe total of the chemical processes in a cell: anabolism+catabolism
cell membranesemipermeable structure that surrounds and protects the cell
chromosomesrod-like structures containing regions of DNA called genes
cytoplasmmaterial inside the cell membrane that surrounds the nucleus
DNAthe basic structure of genes
endoplasmic reticulumprotein factory where proteins are made from simpler substances
golgi apparatusprocess factory where proteins are stored, modified, and transported
lysosomesite of intracellular digestion containing enzymes to disintegrate microorganisms and damaged tissue
mitochondriaenergy factory of the cell
nucleolusthe control center of the cell
nucleolussite of RNA synthesis
ribosomesstructures found in endoplasmic reticulum containing RNA, and the site of protein synthesis
adiposecollection of fat cells
connective tissuebinds and supports various structures; i.e. fat, bone, blood, cartilage
epithelial tissueconsists of epithelium, lines internal and external body surfaces. Endothelium, lines organs and blood vessels. Mesothelium , lines cavities such as the peritoneum
EpitheliumLines internal and external body surfaces
EndotheliumLines organs and blood vessels
Mesotheliumlines cavities such as the peritoneum
muscle tissueskeletal muscle, striated, voluntary; cardiac muscle, striated, involuntary; visceral muscle, striated, involuntary;
skeletal muscleStriated, voluntary, in charge of movement
cardiac musclestriated, involuntary, controlling the heart
visceral musclestriated, involuntary, controlling internal organs
nerve tissuecells that conduct electrical impulses all over the body
abdominalcavity containing organs such as stomach, intestines, spleen, and pancreas
thoraciccavity containing organs such as the heart, lungs, esophagus, and trachea.
anatomythe form and structure of the body
benignnot malignant, non-invasive; not spreading
cartilageflexible connective tissue attached to bones at a joint
diaphragmthin, muscular partition separating the thoracic and abdominal cavities
endocrine glandsglands the secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream
larynxvoice box
peritoneummembrane surrounding the organs of the abdomen
pharynxthroat
physiologystudy of the bodys function
tracheawindpipe
umbilicusthe navel
uretertube that carries urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
urethratube that carries urine from urinary bladder to the outside of the body
viscerainternal organs
lavageirrigation or washing out of an organ or cavity
malignanttending to become progressively worse
membranethin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space or an organ
eviscerationdisplacement of internal organs outside of the cavity that should contian them
herniaabnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structure that should contain it
prolapseabnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a natural opening