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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
IdentifyGlycocalyx -Outer part of cell surface (Carbohydrate rich) -Consist of glycolipids, glycoproteins,, proteoglycans -Protection -Cell recognition/interaction -Contains LECTINS- carb. binding proteins
IdentifyReceptor-Mediated Endocytosis -Clathrin dependent -Cargo Specific interaction via Adaptin -Dynamin mediates vesicle pinching off from plasma mem. GTPase
IdentifyPinocytosis -Constitutive -Non-specific -Clathing-independent -Caveolin & Flotillin proteins in lipids rafts (Long-lived)
IdentifyPhagocytosis
EndosomesEncocytotic Pathway -Early endosome: sort/package -Late: Protein degration/ lysosome
IdentifyLysosome
IdentifyLysosome (Acid Phosphatase)
IdentifyAutophagy
IdentifyNuclear Envelope
IdentifyNuclear Lamina -Inner nuclear mem -Lamins: type of intermediate filaments -Lamin A Mutation: Hutchinson-Gilford Progerian Syndome
IdentifyNucleolus: Site of ribosome production -Fibrillar Center: pale statining, DNA loops of 5 chromosomes (13,14,15, 21,22), rRNA genes -Fibrillar Material: transcription of rRNA genes -Granular Material: Initial ribosomal assembly
IdentifyRough ER
IdentifyRough ER
IdentifyRough ER
the act of smoothingSmooth ER
IdentifyLeft: SER Right: next to Mitochondira --> RER
IdentifyGolgi Apparatus
IdentifyGolgi Apparatus -located next to nucleus * centrosome -Microtubule Dependent -Secrete antibodies (plasma cells) -Secrete digestive enzymes (pancreatic acinar cells)
IdentifyGolgi -Cis -Trans
IdentifyNegative staining of Golgi
IdentifyLiver Mitochondria
IdentifyHeart mitochondria -Cytochrome Oxidase
IdentifyPeroxisomes -fat metabolism -catalyze initial reacitons in formation of plasmalogens (abundant class of phospholipids in myelin) -Degrade toxic reactive oxygen molecules (contain CATALASE and Peroxidases) -Dysfunctional --> Zellweger Syndrome
IdentifyMicrotubules
IdentifyCentrioles
IdentifyMicrotubules & Centrosome (L2)
IdentifyFlagellum
IdentifyPrimary Cilia 9+0 arrangement Defects of Mechanoreceptors --> Polycystic Kidney Disease
IdentifyLeft: Microtubules Right: Intermediate Filaments
6 classes of Intermediate Filaments1/2. Keratins 3. Vimentin & Vimentin-like --> Mesoderm cells/Fibroblast of connective tissue (Desmin:muscle cells) (Glial Fibrillary acid protein: glial cells & astrocytes) 4. Neurofilaments 5. Lamins 6. Beaded Filaments --> Eye lens specific group
IdentifyGreen: Actin Orange: Intermediate Filaments
IdentifyStereocilia -long microvilli Actin filament bundle anchored to terminal web -Epididymis, Proximal ductus deferens & Sensory hair cells of inner ear
SarcomereI-band: Actin A-band: Actin + Myosin H-zone: Myosin
IdentifyLamellipodia -actin filaments (Red) -ARP complex -- actin related protein complex (Green) -Sheet like structures
IdentifyLamellipodia -common example: fibroblasts of connective tissue
IdentifyNeutrophil Migration
InclusionsCytoplasmic or nuclear structures formed from metabolic products of the cell. -Pigments --Lipofuscin: wear and tear pigment of non-dividing cells --Hemosiderin: iron-storage complex found in the cytoplasm, commonly in macrophages --Melanin -Glycogen -Lipid
IdentifyLipids
IdentifyLipofuscin: wear and tear pigment of non-dividing cells
--Lipofuscin: wear and tear pigment of non-dividing cellsMelanin (Substantia nigra nerve cells)
Kartagener's SyndromeImmotile cilia due to defects in microtubules. -Leads to male sterility and femlae infertility
Clear space that pushed the cytoplasm and nucleus to the periphery of the cell?Inclusions
Equation ?Van't Hoff Equation
Effective Osmotic pressureS= reflection coeffiction (0-1)
Equation?Water flux
5% Dextrose in waterIsotonic but physiologically hypotonic
0.45% salineHypotonic
0.9% SalineIsotonic (BASE LINE)
3.0% SalineHypertonic
Identify type of cell, organ?Pancreatic duct Simple cuboidal
Identify type of cell, organ?Gallbladder Simple columnar
Identify type of cell, organ?Esophagus Stratified Squamous E.
Identify (Stain, Organ)Mallory-Azan Stain -Epiglottis
Identify (Stain, Organ)Mallory Stain -Dense Connective Tissue
Identify (Stain, Muscle)H&E Skeletal Muscle
Identify (Stain, Muscle)Mallory Stain Cardiac Muscle
Identify (Stain, Muscle)H&E Smooth Muscle
Identify (Stain, Tissue)Mallory Stain Peripheral Nerve
Identify (Stain, Tissue)Azan Stain Nerve Ganglion
IdentifyStomach & Gastric Glands (Secretion)
IdentifyIntestines (Absorption)
IdentifyTrachea Pseudostratified ciliated Columnar Epithelium -For transportation
IdentifySkin Stratified Squamous Keratinized Epithelium
IdentifyOlfactory Epithelium
IdentifyEndothelium (lining of heart, blood & lymphatics vessels) Simple Squamous Epithelium
IdentifyEndothelium
IdentifyMesentery Superior view of mesothelial cells (lining of body cavities) SILVER STAIN Simplel squamous epithelium
IdentifyMesovarium Simple squamous epithelium
IdentifySimple squamous Epithelium Renal Corpuscle of Kidney
IdentifyRespiratory spaces of lung Alveoli Simple Squamous Epithelium (Type I alveolar cells)
IdentifyPancreatic ducts Simple cuboidal
IdentifySurface of ovary Simple cuboidal
IdentifySurface of ovary Simple cuboidal
IdentifyKidney Tubule
IdentifyThyroid Follicles Simple cuboidal
IdentifyLiver Hepatocytes
IdentifySmall Intestine
IdentifyLarge intestine
IdentifyLarge Intestine
IdentifyGall Bladder Simple Columnar
IdentifyUterine Tube
IdentifyUterine Tube
IdentifyTrachea
IdentifyTrachea
IdentifyTrachea
IdentifyEpididymis Pseudostratified Columnar Stereocilia
IdentifyDuctus Deferens Pseudostratified Columnar Stereocilia
IdentifyEsophagus Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
IdentifyVagina Non-Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium
IdentifyKeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium Skin(Epidermis)
IdentifyDuct of Eccrine Sweat Gland Stratified Cuboidal
IdentifyStratified Columnar
IdentifyTransitional Epithelium Urothelium
IdentifyCilia
IdentifyCilia
IdentifyBasal Body
IdentifyCross section of Cilia 9+2 arrangement
IdentifyMicrovilli
IdentifyStereocilia
IdentifyZona Adherens