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level: Level 1 of Chapter 26 Abdominal Trauma

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of Chapter 26 Abdominal Trauma

QuestionAnswer
what is the most commonly injured organ in cases of blunt trauma?spleen
when spleen is damaged it willbleed profusely so frequently results in shock and life threat, blood accumulates under diaphragm so pain can be referred to left shoulder pain
when pancreas is injured where is pain often located?upper abdo that radiates to back
when kidney is injured where is pain often located?radiates from flank to groin and hematuria(blood in urine)
when liver is injured where is pain often located?right shoulder
what are the hollow organs in body?Stomach, gall bladder, large/small intestines, ureters/urinary bladder
what is important to consider when hollow organs rupture?content spillage which causes inflammation of peritoneum
when stomach is injured what happens?immediate peritonitis, pain, tenderness, guarding, rigidity
when colon is injured what is to be considered?spillage of bacteria, may take 6 hrs to develop peritonitis
when small bowel is injured what is to be considered?fewer bacteria, may take 24-48 hrs to develop peritonitis, a gradual onset of diffuse pain when bacterial
what are the % for penetrating trauma ?liver 40%, small bowel 25% large bowel 10%
what organs are most often affected by blunt trauma?#1 spleen, and liver
injury to abdominal wall may lead toEvisceration (spilling of abdominal contents)
what is the major concern when hollow organs rupturespillage of contents into - retroperitoneal space - peritoneal space- pelvic space
if there is a leakage from large intestinesthere is a large amount of bacteria with can result in sepsis
Manifestations of blood losshematochezia, hematemesis, hematuria
HematocheziaBlood in stool
hematemesisBlood in emesis
hematuriaBlood in urine
Solid organsSpleen, pancreas, kidney, liver
solid organs are prone to?contusion, profuse bleeding which will cause abdo distention, fracture, unrestricted hemorrhage if organ is ruptured
Injury to vascular structuresblood accumulates beneath diaphragm causing : irritation of muscular structures, pain referred to shoulder region, greater volume of blood can be lost, presence of blood in abdo may stimulate vagus nerve resulting in slowing of HR
when this is a disruption to blood vessels supplying bowel:it can lead to ischemia, necrosis, or rupture
when the peritoneum is injured where is pain often located and what happens?slight tenderness @ location of injury, rebound tenderness (associated w/peritonitis ), guarding, rigid, board like feel
if your PT has eviscerated intestines what steps should you followmake no attempt to replace them back into abdo, cover the eviscerated intestines with moist, sterile large,bulky dressings and if possible seal with a sterile occlusive dressing and transport
The blunt trauma injury in the abdomen due to one part of an organ being free to move and the other part being restricted to movement are through:shear impact
Tears in the diaphragm may cause compromise during respiration and also:force parts of the liver into the thoracic cavity
Patients with renal injuries may have pain in the:Back
The ligamentum teres restrains the:liver from forward motion.
The mesentery provides the bowel with circulation, attachment, andinnervation
Penetrating trauma to the lateral abdomen is likely to injure thelarge bladder
To help protect the mother from hypovolemia in the third trimester, the maternal vascular volume can increase by up to:45 percent
In anticipation of shock due to a serious mechanism of injury, start a large bore IV line with normal saline to be prepared to deliver a bolus of:20 cc per kilogram.