Buscar
Estás en modo de exploración. debe iniciar sesión para usar MEMORY

   Inicia sesión para empezar

level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
Define pancreatitisInflammation of the pancreas caused by injury to the acinar cells due to activation of digestive enzymes within the pancreas.
Define acute pancreatitisReversible inflammation due to enzymatic necrosis (resolves).
Define chronic pancreatitisIrreversibly damaged and progressive inflammation & both ENDO and EXO ducts calcify = MA.
Name 2 common causes?Alcohol and gallstones
Pancreatic insufficiency is associated with which disease?Cystic Fibrosis - due to the ABN viscous fluid.
Give the laboratory findings of pancreatic insufficiency?Decreased A/L activity Decreased HCO3- Decreased Trypsin & chymotrypsin
How would one confirm pancreatic insufficiency?Faecal fat test - indirect test Glucose
Is Amylase a pancreatic specific enzyme?No - It is produced by the pancreas AND the salivary glands, SI, skeletal muscles
What does increased Amylase levels indicate?Either a pancreatic disorder or a non-pancreatic disorder
Give examples of non-pancreatic disorders in which Amylase would be increased?Mumps, salivary gland tumors, DB KAD
Which sample is more of a sensitive indicator for Amylase?Urine as levels peak within 7rl hours and remain increased.
Is Lipase a more specific pancreatic enzyme?Yes
Why is it more specific than Amylase?Increases within 4-8 hours and persists for more than 8 days.
What is Lipase useful in differentiating?Pancreatic disorders vs Salivary disorders (Normal in S disorders but serum AMY will be increased)
How is Amylase measured?Hexokinase method
How is Lipase measured?Triacylglycerol + H20 - Z-monoacylglycerol + FAs
What does the exocrine part of the pancreas secrete?Lipases Amylases Proteolytic enzyme
What does the endocrine part of the pancreas secrete?Insulin Glucagon
Name the two types of Amylase?S-type: SG P-type AC of pancreas
Limitations of Amylase measurement?1. No mouth pipetting 2. RA must not touch skin as sweat contains 3. Lipaemic serum = decreases result 4. Morphine & opiates = increase
What can be used to diagnose macroamylasemia?The amylase/creatinine clearance ratio (ACCR)
State the ACCRUrine Amy x Serum CRT x 100 Serum Amy Urine CRT
What is the expected ratio?<3%
If the ratio is increased, what does it indicate?Acute pancreatitis Burns Sepsis DKA
If the ratio is decreased, what does it indicate?Macroamylasemia
Define macroamylasemiaLarge molecules formed when amylase attaches to a protein.
Reference range for Amylase?0-110 U/L
Reference range for Lipase?13-60 U/L
What are the limitations for Lipase measurement?Haemolysis EDTA, oxalate, fluoride or citrated plasma
Give the lipid/TGR result for AP?Increased
Give the urine & serum AMY result for AP?Increased
Give the serum Lipase result for AP?Increased
Give the CRP result for AP?Increased
Give the albumin result for AP?Decreased
Give the urea result for AP?Increased
Give the calcium result for AP?Increased or decreased
Give the magnesium,sodium and potassium results for AP?Decreased
Give the glucose result for AP?Increased
Give the ALT, AST, BR results for AP?Increased
Give the LDH result for AP?Increased