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level: Gastrointestinal, continued

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Gastrointestinal, continued

QuestionAnswer
What is the definitive test to differentiate Crohn's disease from ulcerative colitis?Colonoscopy with multiple biopsies of the colon and terminal ileum
What is the major problem when the small intestine is involved in Crohn's disease?Malabsorption
What is the desired urinary output for a patient with Crohn's?1500 mL
If left untreated, appendicitis can lead to ______ and ________.Perforation and peritonitis
The lumen of which organ is tiny and easily obstructed?Veriform appendix
What are the most common causes of appendicitis?Obstruction of: Fecalith (accumulated feces) Foreign bodies Tumor of the cecum or appendix
In appendicitis, rebound tenderness will be found in the _______.Right lower quadrant
Why is heat not applied to a patient with appendicitis?Increases circulation; leads to rupture
What is diverticulosis?Pouch-like herniations through the circular smooth muscle of the colon; sigmoid colon
What is diverticulitis?Inflammation of one or more of the diverticular sacs
The incidence of diverticulosis is increased after which age?40
What is the most common cause of lower GI hemorrhage?Diverticulitis
When diverticulitis develops, where will pain be felt?Left lower quadrant
A patient with acute diverticulitis should not receive which diagnostic test?Barium enema or colonoscopy
When does peritonitis occur?After fecal matter seeps from a ruptured site; causing bacterial contamination of the peritoneal cavity
What is an inguinal hernia caused by?A weakness in the abdominal wall opening; occurs spermatic cord/ligament of the uterus
What causes a ventral hernia?Weakness of the abdominal wall at the site of a previous incision
What is a femoral hernia?Caused by weakness of the abdominal wall, resulting in bulging pf tissue in the groin
What should never be attempted in regard to hernias?Never attempt to push a hernia back into place
What is used if the hernia can be reduced manually?Abdominal binder
A hiatal hernia results from weakness of the ________.Diaphragm
What is the narrowest segment of the small intestine?Ileum
Define volvulus:Twisting of a bowel onto itself
What is paralytic ileus?The lack of peristalsis and bowel sounds
Where do most obstructions occur?Ileum
What can cause a non mechanical obstruction?Neuromuscular or vascular disorder General anesthesia
How much electrolyte-rich fluid is involved in the normal process of absorption and reabsorption in the small intestine?6 to 8L
Constipation is more common in which type of colon cancer?Descending colon cancer
What is the most common cause of nonmechanical obstruction?Paralytic ileus
What will the early phase of an intestinal obstruction sound like upon auscultation?Loud, frequent, high-pitched
Where are most colorectal growths seen?Sigmoid and rectal areas of the colon
What is the most common inherited form of colorectal cancer called?Lynch syndrome
In carcinoma of the rectum, the surgeon makes very effort to preserve the ________.Sphincter