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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

QuestionAnswer
cdc center for disease control and preventionInfection control procedure practiced in dentistry today are based on what guidelines?
8 Bones that cover and protect the brainThe cranium consist of how many bones?
14 BonesThe face consist of how many bones?
MandibleWhat is the only moveable bone?
-The cranium -The faceWhat two sections is the human skull divided into?
Tempomandibular joint (TMJ)What is the joint on each side of the head that allows movement of the mandible?
-Hinge Action -Gliding ActionJaw movements of TMJ (2)
- The 1st phase of mouth opening - Only the lower compartment of the joint is usedHinge action is?
Allows mandible to move forward or backwardGliding Action is?
Touching or feeling for abnormalaties within soft tissuePalpation is?
The grinding of teethBruxism is?
-Pain -Clicking or popping joint sounds -Limitations of movement (Trismus, spasms of muscle)Symptoms of TMJ disorder
-Produce Saliva -Cleanse the oral cavity -Helps maintain the tooth surfacesthe salivary glands...
Size either Major or MinorSalivary glands are classified by?
Serious- Watery;mainly protein Mucous- Thick;mainly carbohydratesTwo types of saliva are?
-Xerostomia (Dry mouth) -Salivary stones (Sialoliths)disorders of salivary glands
VestibleThe ____ begins on the inside of lips then extends to the arch?
-The vestible area; space between the teeth and mucous lining -Mucous membrane tissueThe oral cavity consist of two areas
separates nasal cavity above the oral cavity belowThe hard palate
-Incisive Papilla -Palatal rugae -Palatine RapheLand marks of the hard palate are
Moveable posterior 3rd of the palate (No bony skeleton)Soft palate is
-Speaking -Positioning food -Tasting -swallowing -Cleansing the oral cavityTongue is important for? (5)
Free edgeSoft palate ends as a
Tip of tongue (Anterior)The sweet and salty taste buds are located
On the side of the tongueThe sour taste buds are located
Back of tongue (Posterior)The bitter taste buds are located
The movement of teeth into functional position in the mouthEruption
Process in which primary teeth are lostExfoliation
-Crown -RootThe 2 main parts of a tooth
Portion embedded in the alverolar boneRoot
Portion of tooth covered with enamel remains consistantAnatomical crown
Portion of tooth visible in the mouth depending on level of gingivaClinical crown
makes up the anatomical crown of the tooth, hardest material of the tooth bodyEnamel
Enamel RodsEnamel is composed of millions of calcified enamel prisms also known as
DentinWhat is covered by enamel on crown and cementum on root
roots of teeth to provide support in the alevolar socketAleveolar bone supports
Bone that holds upper teethMaxilla
Bone that holds lower teethMandible
Cells that form boneOsteblasts
Cells that destroy boneOsteclasts
term used to described the natural teeth in jawbonesDentition
Primary Mixed Permanentthe 3 dentition periods are
replaces primary teethSuccedaneous teeth
succedaneous teethPermanent teeth are not
PremolarsThere are no ______ in the primary dentition
primary dentitionThe 1st set of 20 primary teeth are called
between 6 to 12 years of ageMixed dentition occurs
natural contact between max and mand teeth in all positionsOcclusion
8Each quadrant of perm dentition contains of how many perm teeth?
-Incisiors -Molars -CaninesPerm dentition consist of
premolarsThere are no _____ in the primary dentition
4The perm dentition is divided into __ types of teeth
-Incisiors -Canines -Molars -PremolarsPerm dentition consist of
Incisors and canines Used to CutAnterior teeth are
Molars and premolars used to chew and grindPosterior teeth are
cut food without application of heavy forceIncisors are used to
Cuspids or Eye toothCanine AKA
CaninesThe longest teeth are
12there are __ total molars
Contours Contacts Embrasures3 atomic features of teeth
jaws are closedCentric occlusion occurs when
The contact of teethFunctional occlusion is
Identify teeth for charting and descriptive purposeNumbering systems
Most often used in the USuniversal/national system
Letters A-TThe primary dentition is represented by
Front to BackAlways count from
1-32Permanent teeth are numbered
32____ Adult Teeth
20____ Baby Teeth
susceptible tooth diet rich in carbohydrates specific bacteriaThe caries (Cavities) process 3 factors are?
EasilyPlaque is ____ removed
Hard stone like material that attaches to teeth Can only be removed by a dentist or hygenistCalculus is
colorless soft sticky coating that adheres to teethPlaque is
Incipient lesion; Initial stage of tooth decay (Looks like white spot on the enamel)1st stage of caries development
Over and carious lesion; development of a hole2nd stage of caries development
Multiple lesions throughout mouthRampant caries are
-Dental explorer -Radiographs -Visual apearance -indicator dyes -laser caries detectorMethods used to detect caries
A visual examination of the extra oral and intra oral conditionsExamination begins with
Examination of all soft tissue such as cheeks lips mucosaSoft tissue exam
Used for extra oral detectionPalpation
assess the gingival suculus to detect periodontal diseaseA periodontal probe is used to
Decay Defective restorations Advanced periodontal conditionsIntra oral and extra oral radiography provides indispensable tools to identify
Mouth mirror ExplorerExamination instruments
Allows the use of a video system -magnifies an image for better evaluation -easier access to different areas -photocopying images (insurance)Intra oral imaging
Ability to remove decay or disease and bring back proper functionRestorative
Recreating the tooth or teeth with an artistically pleasing appearance -discoloration -anomalies -abnormal spacing -traumaEsthetic
is a restorative material that are applied to the to the tooth while the material is pilable and able to carve and finishDirect Restoration
direct restorationsRestorations or procedures are done in the dental office are called
Amalgam CompositesExamples of direct restorations
Covers portion of the occlusial and proximal surfaceInlay
Covers proximal surface and most of occlusial surfaceOnlay
Thin shell like covering placed to improve esthetics of anterior teeth affected by abrasionPorcelain veneers
completely covers anatomic crown of an individual toothFull crown
Covers anatomic crown of a tooth except facial portion a crown that does not cover the entire anatomic portionThree quarter crown
Full metal crown with outer thin layer of porcelainPorcelain fused to metal crown
artificial tooth or the part of the fixed bridge that replaces the missing natural toothPontic means
natural tooth that serves as the support for the replacement tooth or teeth in a fixed bridgeAbutment
Acute infections Chronic infections latent infections opportunistic infectionTypes if infections
Direct contact person to person droplet infection indirect contactPatient to dental team
HIV, HBV and HCVOSHA Blood borne pathogens standard protects occupational exposure to blood borne disease causing organisms such as
Bacteria that is freely floating in waterPlanktonic is
contaminated barriersWhile still gloved in between patients you should remove and discard of
NumberThe dentist will often refer to forceps and pilers by there
left to rightProcedure tray is always set up from
10,000-30,000 rotations per minuteLow speed hand piece ranges from
10,000-30,000 rotations per minuteLow speed hand piece ranges from
Forward and backward movementThe low speed hand piece can be positioned to operate in both a
slides into a low speed motor and locks into placeStraight attachment
slides into a low speed motorContra-angle attachment
allow intra oral access with easier adaption to the tooth surfaceAngle of attachment is to
The hand piece most frequently used in restorative dentistryThe high speed hand piece is
operates as high as 450,000 rpmsHigh speed hand piece
friction grip bur and other friction grip devicesHigh speed hand piece operates with a
Shank- portion fits into hand piece Neck- connects shank and head Head- cutting, polishing or finishing portionRotary instruments 3 basic parts
-Straight shank -latch-type -friction-gripShank types
Contaminated area and a clean areaSterilization is divided into a
Control to operate handpiecesRheostat
General dentistRestorative/operative dentistry is responsibility of
restorative materials are applied to the tooth while the material is pilable and able to carve and finishDirect restorations
a mixture of two or more metals (Silver, tin, cooper and zinc)Dental amalgam
150 yearsAmalgam has been used in dentistry for more then
As a foundation or build up for a crown small and medium sized cavities primary and permament teethIndications for using amalgam
are usually material of choice for class III and IV restorationsComposite resin
hardens as a result of chemical reaction of materialsAuto cured material
improves retention by creating a micro-mechanical retention between the tooth structure and the restorationDental bonding
Placed directly on the intact enamel surface or outer part of a toothEnamel bonding
sealants bonded ortho breaks resin-bonded bridges bonded veneersExamples of enamel bonding are
Placed on prepared dentin or inner layer of a tooth for the bonding of a restorative material to a tooth structureDentin bonding
is applied to remove the smear layerEtchant
covers all surfaceBonding surface
provides "temporary wall" for the restoration process of class II,III and IV preperationsMatrix system
is the occlusial edgelargest circumference (Matrix band)
Gingival edgeSmaller circumference (Matrix band)
tofflemire retainerposterior matrix bands are also reffered to as
Celluloid matrix Mylar StripPlastic matrix bands are reffered to as
Class III and IV restorationsPlastic matrix's are used in
Thin polished palodent type band and tension ring that produces a tight anatomic contact for composite resin materialsSectional Matrix are
Class II restorationsSectional Matrix are used on
When formed the top portion of the T allows the straight portion to adjust and fit the circumfrence of the primary molarT-Band
form fitting band around the tooth fusing metal together to make a custom bandSpot Welded band
Protects pulp from chemical irritation from acidic dental materials by sealing ability Stimulates production of reparativeCalcium Hydroxide
Treat or prevent hypersensitivity used instead of a varnish seal the dental tubules ideal for use under all indirect restorationsDentin sealer/desensitizer
use sparingly do not allow contact with soft tissue CHEMA + Glutrahyde Apply the dentin sealerDentin sealer/ desensitizer Application process
Protects pulp from large restorationsProtective base
Protects tooth from thermal shockInsulating base
Smoothes pulp that has been damaged by decay or irritatedSedative base
Zinc Oxide (ZOE) Zinc Prosphate Poly carbolaxylate glass iononmerTypes of base materials are
short term restorationsIntermediate restorative material is used for
less irritating to the pulpZOE (Zinc oxide) and Glass ionomer are
G.V. BlackThe developer of cavity decay classification is
anything from class I restoration to an extensive class IIPermanet restoration can be used for
can include 4 or more surfacesclass ii restoration
Interproximal surfaces (mesial + distal) of incisors and caninesClass III restorations affects
larger surface area (mesial or distal) which includes incisal edge and interproximal surfaces of canines and incisorsClass IV restorations involve
a one surface lession involving the pits and fissures of a toothClass I restorations is
gingival third of the facial or linguial surface of any toothClass V restorations occur on the
Posterior teethClass I and II restorations involve
Anterior teethClass III and IV restorations involve
Any teethClass V Restorations involve
Vital BleachingTooth whitening is referred to as
Extrinsic Stains (result of exposure to coffee, tea, tobacco and certain foods) Aged Teeth Intrinsic Stains (Trauma, aging, exposure to tetracycline during tooth formation and/or ingestion of fluoride causing fluorosis)Indications for tooth whitening
In office At home Over the counterTooth whitening tray can be provided
Assist in recording medical and dental history make shade selection take intraoral photographs before and after whitening procedure take and pour up the preliminary impression for the custom tray fabricate and trim the tray provide preoperative instructions on use of the material assist in weekly or biweekly clinic visitsDA's role in teeth whitening
use for temporary loss of feeling or sensationAnesthesia
are the drugs that produce the temporary loss of feeling or sensationAnesthetics
Numbing effects on nerve endings located on the surface of the oral mucosaAnesthesia provides
Topical anesthesia local anesthesia inhalation sedation intravenous sedation general anesthesia mind-body medicineDifferent methods of pain control are
the most frequently used for pain control in dentistryLocal anesthesia is
an agent combined w/ anesthetic slows down the uptake of an anesthetic agent into the bloodstream and increases duration of actionVasoconstrictor is
it increases blood flowA side effects of vasoconstrictor is