Buscar
Estás en modo de exploración. debe iniciar sesión para usar MEMORY

   Inicia sesión para empezar

level: Level 2

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 2

QuestionAnswer
Define EndarterectomySurgical removal of the intimal lining of an artery
A large pulsating mass may be the only identifiable factor what?An aneurysm
Aneurysm formation is most commonly associated with what?Atherosclerosis
Men aged 25-40 years of age who smoke are most commonly affected by which disorder?Buerger's Disease (thromboangiitis obliterans)
What percentage of patients with Buerger's disease are women?40%
What part of the body does Buerger's disease usually affect?Arteries and veins of the hands and feet
What is thrombophlebitis?Inflammation of a vein in conjunction with formation of a thrombus
What are the common manifestations of an occluded vein?Pain and edema
What is the easiest and most effective method to prevent deep vein thrombosis?Early mobilization
Patients with deep vein thrombosis should avoid extended periods of what?Inactivity
A DVT can dislodge and migrate to which organ?The lungs
Which veins are most affected by varicose veins?Saphenous veins
Venous stasis ulcers cause the skin to have an appearance of:Leathery and dark pigmentation
Which pulse is present in venous stasis?Pedal pulses
Management of venous stasis ulcers focuses on:Healing and prevention of infection
What kind of ointment can break down necrotic tissue?Enzyme ointment
What can be used to protect an ulcer?An Unna's paste boot
What type of personality is most likely to develop cardiovascular symptoms?Type D; chronic negative emotions, pessimistic, socially inhibited
Every drop in 10mm-hg in systolic blood pressure decreases cardiovascular episodes by what percentage?12%
What is a quick and noninvasive way to check for risk of peripheral artery disease?ABI
Burger's disease only occurs in what kind of individual?Smoker
What is Raynaud's disease caused by?Intermittent arterial spasms
How is hypertension diagnosed?Two or more elevated blood pressures taken on separate occasions
What is the function of the AV node?To slow impulses, allowing atrium to contract and ventricle to fill
What are the normal ranges for ventricular ejection fraction (EF)?55%-70%
Which ejection fraction percentages indicate moderate heart failure?40%-55% (indicates damage)
Which ejection fraction percentages indicate moderate to severe heart failure?Less than 40%
Thallium scanning can detect a "cold spot" which is:Areas of inadequate perfusion
Which scan is considered noninvasive, and uses a radioactive tracer and a special camera to take pictures as the heart beats?MUGA Scan
Before a MUGA scan, ensure the patient has:No food or drink for 6 hours prior; including tobacco and caffeine Drink plenty of fluids to flush dye from system after scan
Homocysteine plays an important role in:Blood clotting
Ten times more women die from which disease than from breast cancer?Heart (cardiovascular) disease
What is borderline high total cholesterol?200-239 mg/dl
What is considered a high total cholesterol level?240mg/dl or higher
Myocardial infarction and coronary artery disease is most common in:White middle-aged men
The liver produces which protein during periods of acute inflammation?C-reactive protein
Active marijuana use doubles the risk of:Stress cardiomyopathy
The purpose of Atropine is to:Increase the heart rate
Name the atrioventricle valves:Tricuspid and Mitral (bicuspid)
Which drugs are administered for stress tests if a patient is unable to exercise?dypiridamole (Persantine) & adenosine (Adenocard)
Homocysteine promotes the progression of:Atherosclerosis
Which drugs can be used to achieve cardioversion?1. Digitalis 2.Calcium channel blockers 3.Antidysrhythmics, and 4. Anticoagulants
What is the most common cause of angina pectoris?Atheroslcerosis of coronary arteries
Which may be a more cost-effective procedure compared to CABG:PTCA (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty)
Myocardial infarction in women may be mistaken as what by health care providers?Gallbladder disease or anxiety
A white blood cell count of ___ is associated with severe myocardial infarctionsA count of 12,000-15,000
What is the most significant cause of acute myocarditis?Coxackie virus type B
A skin characteristic of infective endocarditis is:Petechiae
Automaticity refers to:The heart's ability to contract in a rhythmic pattern
What is the first symptom of decreased arterial circulation?Pain due to arterial insufficiency and ischemia
Decreased venous circulation can lead to:Edema
When should pitting edema be measured?At the same time everyday; preferably before patient ambulates
Morning headache in occipital area and blurred vision can indicate:Hypertension
Name the 3 types of cardiomyopathy:Dilated, Hypertrophic, Restrictive
What is the most recent definition of heart failure?A neurohormonal problem that progresses as a result of chronic release in the body of substances; catacholamines (epinephrine & norepinephrine)
Cardiac catheterization allows:1. Measurement of blood pressure within the heart 2. Assessment of blood and obtainment of samples
What is the normal homocysteine range?4-14 umol/L
C-reactive protein is an individual risk factor for:Coronary artery disease