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level: Level 1 - Definitions

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 - Definitions

QuestionAnswer
A group of 3 bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to a codon on the mRNAAnticodon
One of four possible molecules - Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C) and Guanine (G) - that join holding the two strands of DNA together.Base
A long DNA molecule that is found in the cell nucleus, which becomes condensed and visible during cell division.Chromosome
One of two identical strands into which a chromosome splits during mitosis.Chromatid
A triplet of bases on the mRNA molecule. Different triplets code for different Amino Acids in a protein.Codon
Describes a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes (in pairs) 2n.Diploid
The chemical that forms chromosomes and carries the genetic code.DNA
Describes the shape of the DNA molecule, rather like a twisted ladder.Double Helix
A table showing which mRNA codons corresponds to each Amino Acid.Genetic Code
The entire DNA of an organism (the amount present in a diploid cell).Genome
Describes a cell that contains only one set of chromosomes, such as gametes, 1n.Haploid
The form of cell division that forms four haploid, genetically different cells, forming gametes.Meiosis
A type of RNA that forms a copy of the template strand of the DNA during transcription.mRNA, messenger
The form of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from a diploid body cell.Mitosis
Type of cell division used for growth and repair.Mitosis
Type of cell division used to form gametes.Meiosis
A rare, random change in DNA.Mutation
Mass of cells produced by a mutation and uncontrolled cell division.Tumour
Radiation such as gamma rays, X-rays and ultraviolet radiation that can damage cells and produce mutations in genes.Ionising Radiation
A chemical that produces mutations in genes (broad term, not example).Mutagen
The copying of DNA that takes place before cell division.Replication
A nucleic acid similar to DNA but made of a single strand, with ribose sugar and the base uracil instead of thymine.RNA
The site of protein synthesis in a cell.Ribosomes
The process by which the information in the base sequence of a strand of the DNA is copied to a molecule of RNA.Transcription
The process by which the information in the base sequence of mRNA is used to produce the sequence of amino acids in a protein.Translation
A particular form of a gene.Allele