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level: Level 1

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1

Question	Answer
building blocks of that tough, fibrous protein keratin that gives structure, durability, and water proofing to your hair, nails, and outer skin.	Keratinocytes
a cell in the basal layer of the epidermis that produces melanin under the control of the melanocyte-stimulating hormone	Melanocyte
Protects your body against infection and extreme temperature, maintains and balance of fluid, and even synthesizes vitamin d for your own personal use.	Skin
genetic disorder that affects the skin, in which there is no melanin production	albinism
layer of skin between the epidermis and hypodermis, composed mainly of connective tissue and containing blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and other structures	dermis
the outer layer of the skin covering the exterior body surface of vertebrates	epidermis
a fibrous scleroprotein that occurs in the outer layer of the skin and in horny tissues such as hair, feathers, nails, and hooves	keratin
spider-shaped cell in epidermis that are responsible for producing the brown pigment melanin.	melanocytes
Star-shaped, and like white blood cells and platelets, they actually originate in your bone marrow. Once they migrate to the epidermis, their long, skinny tendrils run around the keratinocytes and spend much of their time ingesting the unwanted invaders that are trying to sneak around your skin.	Langerhans Cells
Deep down at the boundary between the epidermis and the dermis, where they combine with nerve endings to create a sensory receptor for touch.	Merkel Cells
This is the outermost layer and also the roughest, made up of about 20 or 30 sheets of dead keratinocyte cells. This is the layer that you’re always sloughing off and feeding to dust mites, but while it’s in place it offers basic protection from environmental threats	Stratum Corneum
This holds two or three rows of clear, flat, dead keratinocytes that are only found in the thick skin of your palms and foot soles. So, in places where you only have thin skin, this layer is what’s missing.	Stratum lucidum
This contains living keratinocytes that are forming keratin like crazy. This layer looks kind of grainy because those cells are getting compressed and flattened as they move up through the epidermal layers, maturing as they go.	Stratum granulosum
These cells look prickly when they’re dehydrated for microscope slide preparation and that’s because they contain filaments that help them hold to each other.	stratum spinosum
It’s just a single layer of columnar cells, but it’s like a cell factory where most of that new-cell production happens. This stratum is also what connects the epidermis to the layer of skin below it, the dermis.	stratum basale
a thin sheet of areolar connective tissue that’s riddled with little peg-like projections	dermal papillae
The type of epidermis with five named layers, and only found on the palms of the hands, and the soles of the feet.	thick skin
This layer if epidermal cells looks grainy because the cells are producing large amounts of keratin before they die.	stratum granulosum
Epidermal cells that are part of the immnune system, and try to gobble up invading bacteria before they can break into the deeper layers of tehe skin.	dendritic cells
Structure supported by dermal papillae also known as fingerprints.	friction ridges
The main types of cells in the epidermis, these makes a lot of the protein keratin which makes the skin durable	keratinocytes
The type of epidermis with just four named layers, and found everywhere on the body other than the palms of the hands and soles of the feet.	thin skin
Made of loose areolar connective tissue, this is the layer of the dermis just deep to the epidermis.	papillary layer
The deepest layer of the epidermis, is made of just one layer of cells that are actively dividing to produce cells that get pushed out others layers.	stratum basale
The tissue type found in the epidermis	stratified squamous epithelium
The layer of the skin just deep to the epidermis, containing blood vessels, and making skin elastic	dermis
This layer of epidermal cells is held together by protein fibers, and is the layer just superficial to the layer where active cell division is occuring	stratum spinosum
The dermal layer just deep to the papillary layer, made od dense irregular connective tissue.	reticular cell
The organ system that includes your skin, hair, nails sweat glands, and oil glands	Integumentary system
The deepest of the three main layers of the skin, made mostly of adipose tissue.	hypodermis
Epidermis cells that work with neurons to provide sensation for light touch.	tactile cells