respiration
🇬🇧
In Inglés
In Inglés
Practique preguntas conocidas
Manténgase al día con sus preguntas pendientes
Completa 5 preguntas para habilitar la práctica
Exámenes
Examen: pon a prueba tus habilidades
Pon a prueba tus habilidades en el modo de examen
Aprenda nuevas preguntas
Popular en este curso
Aprende con fichas
Modos dinámicos
InteligenteMezcla inteligente de todos los modos
PersonalizadoUtilice la configuración para ponderar los modos dinámicos
Modo manual [beta]
El propietario del curso no ha habilitado el modo manual
Otros modos disponibles
elección múltipleModo de elección múltiple
Expresión oralResponde con voz
EscrituraModo de solo escritura
respiration - Marcador
respiration - Detalles
Niveles:
Preguntas:
123 preguntas
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Breathing | What does pulmonary venilation mean |
| O2 and CO2 exchange between lungs and blood | What does external respiration mean |
| O2 and CO2 exhange between systemic blood vessels and tissues | What does internal respiration mean |
| Conducting zone, respiratory zone, respiratory muscles | What are the anatomical structures of the respiratory system organized to |
| Conduits to gas exchange sites | Conducting zone |
| Site of gas exchange | Respiratory zone |
| Diaphragm and other muscles | Respiratory muscles |
| Nasopharynx oropharynx laryngopharynx | Three parts of pharynx |
| Upper section of respiratory tract. Conduction of air. Nasal cavity to Larynx | What is the upper respiratory system |
| Lower section of respiratory tract. Gas exchange. Trachea to Alveoli | What is the lower respiratory system |
| Tertiary bronchi as it divides, decrease in size, becomes more smooth muscle and less cartilage | What is the segmented bronchi |
| Left Smaller, has 2 lobes, oblique fissure, cardiac notch Right 3 lobes, oblique and horizontal fissures | Contrast the right and the left lungs: |
| Three on the right; Two on the left | Contrast the right and the left secondary bronchi: |
| Right | Which primary bronchi is shorter? |
| Brochioles | Which respiratory conduit contains no cartilage: the trachea, the bronchi, the bronchioles? |
| Nasal cavity - Nasopharynx : tissue: Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium | Give the changes in respiratory mucosa along the respiratory tract: |
| Simple squamous epithelial tissue | Exchange surface of lungs: tissue |
| Conduction of air | Function of the upper respiratory tract? |
| Elastic cartilage | Epiglottis cartilage |
| Hyaline | Cuneiform cartilage |
| Elastic fibers that connect arytenoid cartilage to thyroid cartilage | What are the vocal cords? |
| • Site for gas exchange | Describe the respiratory exchange surface |
| Is a detergent like lipid that prevents alveolar collapse by reducing surface tension in alveolar | Explain what is surfactant |
| Fluid buildup in lung | Pleura effusion |
| : Procedure to remove fluid/air from pleural space | Thoracocentesis |
| Not enough oxygen | Hypoxia: |
| Absence of oxgen | Anoxya |
| • Visceral is on external lung surface and moves interiorly to create lobules • Parietal on thoracic wall and superior surface of diaphragm | Explain the relationship between the visceral and the parietal pleura |
| • is the space where lungs are located within the thoracic cavity. | What is the pleural cavity? |
| Is the fluid found between the visceral and parietal pleura | What is the pleural fluid? |
| Diaphragm & External intercostals | List the muscles of quiet inspiration |
| Diaphragm & External intercostals | List the muscles involved in quiet exhalation (muscles that relaxed) |
| Scalene, Pectoralis major, Sternocleidomastoid | List the muscles that are contracted during forced inspiration |
| Abdominal muscles & Internal intercostals | List the muscles that are contracted during forced exhalation |
| Respiratory muscles contract Thoracic volume increases Lungs are stretchedIntrapulmonary volume increases Intrapulmonary pressure drops air moves into the lungs following the pressure gradient. | Explain what happens to the volume and pressure in the lungs during inhalation |
| Inspiratory muscle relaxThoracic Volume Decrease Elastic lungs recoil and intrapulmonary volume decreases air moves out of the lungs following the pressure gradient. | Explain what happens to the volume and pressure in the lungs during exhalation |
| Collapsed alveoli (collapsed lungs): caused by collapsed bronchioles, or by a pneumothorax | Atelectasis |
| Breaths per minute | Respiratory rate |
| Volume of gas inhaled/exhaled per minute | Respiratory minute volume |
| Volume of air trapped in conducting zone (Not contribute to gas exchange). Fixed volume, it does not change. | Anatomical dead space |
| The volume of air reaching the alveoli for gas exchange | Alveolar ventilation |
| A high respiratory rate with shallow breathing gives us more breaths but less air volume, and thus less alveolar ventilation. Whereas a slow respiratory rate, with deep breaths brings in more air to the alveoli. The reason for this is because the dead space volume is fixed, it does not change. | What happens to the alveolar ventilation if the respiratory rate increases but the tidal volume decreases |
| (Total Lung Capacity) Maximum amount of air contained in lungs after max inspiration: TV+IRV+ERV+RV | TLC |
| Gas exchange between capillaries and tissue | - Internal Respiration |
| : Gas exchange between alveoli and capillaries | - External Respiration |
| Movement or air in and out of the lungs (alveoli) | - Ventilation: |
| Insufficient amount of surfacant | What causes Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in premature babies. |
| It helps open up breathing passages | Explain why epinephrine is used during an asthma attack |
| Causes enlarged air sacs and off balances the surface tension of alveoli- shortness of breath. Because the elastic tissue of the lungs (alveoli) is damaged. Elastic tissue cannot recoil anymore. | Explain how is compliance compromised in a condition called emphysema. |
| Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Give two examples of COPD. |
| 1.5% of oxygen dissolved in plasma | What % of oxygen is carried dissolved in the plasma |
| 98.5% carried by hemoglobin. | What % is carried by hemoglobin |
| Hemoglobin combined with Oxygen | What is oxyhemoglobin |
| Release | - Under acidic conditions hemoglobin will (release/retain) -------------- O2 |
| Release | - An increase of CO2 in tissues can be due to high tissue activity, this increase will cause hemoglobin to (release/retain) -------------- O2 |
| Increase | - The Bohr effect: Acidic conditions (increase/decrease) --------- H+ levels. |
| Release | In the presence of acidic conditions, Hemoglobin will (release/retain) -------------- O2 and capture H+ ions |
| Release | - Metabolic reactions give off heat, active cells give off heat, active cells require more O2. Therefore, the heat from metabolism causes hemoglobin to (release/retain) -------------- O2. |
| 7-10% | Percentage of CO2 dissolved in plasma |
| 20% | Percentage of CO2 forms carbaminohemoglobin |
| 70% | Percentage of CO2 transported in plasma as bicarbonate ions |
| CO2 + H2O H2 CO3 H+ + HCO3- | This reaction occurs inside the RBC’s |
| Increased | Notice that an increase in CO2 will cause an increase in H+ ions (acidic conditions). Active tissue has an (increased/decreased) ---------------- levels of CO2. |
| Increase | The CO2 will (increase/decrease) ------------- the Bohr effect. |
| Medulla and pons | Respiratory Centers are located in |
| Peripheral chemoreceptor | Are located in the carotid artery and the aortic sinuses. |
| Increase | Increased levels of CO2 , hypercapnea, (above 40 mmHg) stimulation of respiratory centers -------------- (increase/decrease) respiratory rate |
| Decrease | Decreased levels of CO2 , hypocapnea, (below 40 mmHg) no stimulation of respiratory centers -------------- (increase/decrease) respiratory rate. |
| Yes, no | Increased of heart rate for sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Yes, no | Increase respiratory rate for sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| No, yes | Decrease of respiratory rate for sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| Yes no | Bronchiodilation for sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| No,no | Bronchioconstriction for sympathetic and parasympathetic |
| • Increase in temperature, H+, P Co2 and BPG | Conditions that cause Hemoglobin to release Oxygen: |
| Internal respiration | .- Exchange of gases between tissue and capillaries is called |
| Ventilation | .- Inhalation and exhalation is called |
| Type 2 | .- Alveolar cells that secrete surfactant are |
| Bronchioles | .- Which conduit would have no cartilage, only smooth muscle? |
| .- respiratory distress syndrome, increased surface tension in alveoli | .- A lack of surfactant causes |
| Larynx, trachea, terminal brochiole, oropharynx | Which of the following organs are part of the conducting zone of the respiratory system? |
| Provides an airway for ventilation warms incoming air filters incoming air cleans incoming air houses olfactory receptors | Which of the following is a function of the nasal cavity? |
| Enhances turbulence of air and slows down air flow, increases mucosal area, lined with ciliated epithelium | The nasal conchae |
| .- ethmoid frontal maxillary sphenoid | Which of these bones do contain sinuses |