Psychiatric disorders
🇬🇧
In Inglés
In Inglés
Practique preguntas conocidas
Manténgase al día con sus preguntas pendientes
Completa 5 preguntas para habilitar la práctica
Exámenes
Examen: pon a prueba tus habilidades
Pon a prueba tus habilidades en el modo de examen
Aprenda nuevas preguntas
Modos dinámicos
InteligenteMezcla inteligente de todos los modos
PersonalizadoUtilice la configuración para ponderar los modos dinámicos
Modo manual [beta]
Seleccione sus propios tipos de preguntas y respuestas
Modos específicos
Aprende con fichas
Completa la oración
Escuchar y deletrearOrtografía: escribe lo que escuchas
elección múltipleModo de elección múltiple
Expresión oralResponde con voz
Expresión oral y comprensión auditivaPractica la pronunciación
EscrituraModo de solo escritura
Psychiatric disorders - Marcador
Psychiatric disorders - Detalles
Niveles:
Preguntas:
35 preguntas
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What are drugs? | Imitate substances already present in our nervous system, particularly those that affect transmission at synapse |
| 2 ways that drugs affect transmission at synapse? | Antagonist agonist |
| What is an antagonist? | Blocks neurotransmitter |
| What is an agonist? | Increase effects of neurotransmitters, mimic neurotransmitter |
| High affinity drugs.. | Bind to the receptor |
| Order of drug stimulation on the release of dopamine | 1. drug 2. sustained burst of dopamine (inhibitory) 3. inhibit GABA (inhibitory transmitter) 4. increases activity in nucleus accumbens |
| High efficacy drugs.. | Activate receptor |
| Effects of speed? | Stimulates dopamine synapses by increasing release of dopamine from presynaptic terminal |
| Effects of cocaine? | Block reuptake of dopamine, prolonging effects |
| What are opiates? | Heroin morphine |
| How do opiates work? | Increase relaxation decrease sensitivity to pain mimic endorphins attach to specific endorphin receptors inhibit GABA= increase dopamine blocks hindbrain area= releases norepinephrine (memory storage & stress) |
| Effects of marijuana | Contains cannabinoids bind to specific cannabinoids receptors inhibit GABA release cannabinoid receptors abundant in hypothesis= increased appaetite |
| What is Botox? | Deadly neurotoxin released by bacteria in decaying body antagonist blocks release of acetylcholine neurotransmitter junction- paralysis small doses used to reduce muscle tremors& cosmetically |
| Sensitisation of nucleus accumbens? | Becomes more sensitive to substances after repeated use increased ability to release dopamine in response to substance reduced sensitivity to other things |
| Facts about withdrawal? | Craving for drug relapse causes increased sensitivity user learns drug will relieves distress associated with withdrawal crave drug even more |
| Describe the 2 types of alcoholism | Type 1: late onset (after 25) gradual onset equal men & women less severe type 2: early onset (before 25) rapid onset more men than women severe |
| How do genes effect alcoholism? | Coding for an increase in risk taking beh. coding for an increased stress response= more likely to relapse after quitting |
| What is depression? | Clinical/ major depression feeling extreme sadness & helplessness interfere with daily life twice as common in women than men 5% adults have clinically sig. depression |
| What causes depression? | Some heritability relatives more likely to suffer from anxiety, substance abuse, bulimia more common among family of women with early onset depression low serotonin turnover genes controlled serotonin (MAOA) implicated |
| How does MAOA affect ppl? | Short & long types having 2 short types= more likely to be depressed in response ton stressful events |
| Postnatal depression | 20% women 0.1% long lasting runs in families normal reaction after childbirth |
| 2 types of bipolar disorder | Unipolar disorder bipolar disorder |
| What is unipolar disorder? | Varying between normality & depression |
| What is bipolar disorder? | Varying between mania & depression |
| What is mania? | Restless activity, excitement, confidence increased metabolism treated with limbic salts |
| What is seasonal affective disorder? (SAD) | Depression associated with one season (usually winter) common near poles- long nights less severe than major depression light therapy as treatment |
| What is schizophrenia? | Split mind refers to division between emotional & intellectual experiences & beh. not related to multiple personality disorder show inappropriate emotional expression |
| Positive symptoms of schizophrenia? | Delusions hallucinations odd emotional displays thought disorder |
| Negative symptoms of depression? | Poor social interaction poor speech absent facial expression |
| Neurodevelopmental hypothesis in schizophrenia | Abnormalities in development of NS before & after birth infections, poor nutrition, complicated delivery slight brain abnormalities |
| What are ventricles? | Fluid filled space in the brain |
| Why do brain abnormalities occur? | 1. ventricles larger, less space for brain cells 2. prefrontal cortex damaged 3. cell bodies smaller in hippocampus & prefrontal cortex 4. less lateralisation than most ppl |
| What is lateralisation? | The development of specialised functioning in each hemisphere of the brain |
| Dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia? | Excess activity of dopamine synapses schizophrenia patients have twice as many receptors than other ppl normal levels of dopamine are found when measured |
| Glutamate hypothesis for schizophrenia | Deficient activity at glutamate synapses related to dopamine- dopamine inhibits glutamate release glutamate activates neurons that inhibit dopamine PCP & angel dust inhibit glutamate receptors & produces similar symptoms to schizophrenia |