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[Front]

Some researchers consider developmental psychology an applied research topic because

[Back]

Researchers apply findings and theories from other areas of psychology to the specific topic of human development.

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Some researchers consider developmental psychology an applied research topic because

Researchers apply findings and theories from other areas of psychology to the specific topic of human development.

You read in your philosophy textbook that humans are born “Tabula Rasa” or “blank slates”. As a student of psychology, which of the following responses would you have?

The statement is incorrect. Humans are born with a set of reflexes that help us survive.

Which of the following statements is most true about how a newborn’s senses function?

Most senses function normally, but sight develops slowly with experience.

Most prenatal influences are genetic or hormonal in origin except for

Teratogens

Parental involvement can have dramatic effects on all the following human traits except

Motor development

A principal difference between a longitudinal study and a cross-sectional study is

The time span of the study

Harlow’s experiments with substitute mothers made of wire demonstrated the importance of what aspect of nurturing?

Touch

According to research, the most advantageous parenting style for children’s development is

Authoritative, because children have boundaries that are reasonable and justified.

A major difference between the psychoanalytic stage theories (Freud and Erikson) and the more cognitive or experimental stage theories (Piaget and Kohlberg) is

The psychoanalytic theories are less empirical.

You have a cousin named Hammed who flunked out of three expensive private schools and was arrested for wandering the streets of New York using his parents’ credit card. Hammed is intelligent but cannot seem to get motivated toward any career. What conflict would Erikson say Hammed is struggling with?

Identity versus role confusion

In which stage of cognitive development do infants learn object permanence?

Sensorimotor

According to Erikson’s theory, adolescents are most primarily concerned in a search for

Identity

The ability to generate several alternate hypotheses in order to explain a phenomenon demonstrates cognition in which of the following Piagetian stages?

Formal-operations

Which of the following attachment styles did Mary Ainsworth find most often in her research (in about 66 percent of the cases she studied)?

Secure

Which of the following is the correct term for a mental rule Piaget said we use to interpret our environment?

Schema

According to Jean Piaget, children acquire an understanding of object permanence in the _____________ stage, and conservatism in the ____________ stage.

Sensorimotor; concrete operational

Which of the following terms is mentioned as being most important for the social development of infants?

Attachment

The crisis of identity-versus-role-confusion occurs during _____________, and the crisis of integrity-versus-despair occurs during ____________, according to Erik Erikson.

Adolescence; old age

Which of the following suggested stages of moral development?

Freud Piaget Kohlberg

According to Freud, which part of the mind acts as a person’s conscience?

Superego

Cettina fills out a personality inventory several times over the course of one year. The results of each administration of the test are extremely different. Cettina’s situation suggests that this personality inventory may not be

Reliable

Which approach toward personality is the least deterministic?

Humanistic

One of your classmates remarks that “Mary is all id.” What does she likely mean?

Mary frequently pursues immediate gratification.

The belief that personality is created by the interaction between a person, his or her behaviour, and the environment is known as

Reciprocal determinism

Juan has a huge crush on Sally, but he never admits it. Instead, he tells all who will listen that Sally is really “into him”. Psychoanalysts would see Juan’s bragging as an example of

Projection

Dr. Li asks her clients to interpret ambiguous pictures of people in various settings. The method she is using is called

The TAT

One personality trait that is thought to be highly heritable is

Introversion

Which psychologist believed that people have free will and are motivated to self-actualize?

Abraham Maslow

Which is NOT one of the big five personality traits?

Honesty

Feminist psychoanalytic critics of Freud most commonly argue that

Women’s superegos are just as strong as men’s

Jamal sucked his thumb until age eight. As an adult, he smokes, chews gum, and constantly thinks of food. Psychoanalysts would describe Jamal as having

An oral fixation

Someone who has an external locus of control is likely to have

A belief in luck

What kind of psychologist would be most likely to use a projective personality assessment?

Psychoanalytic

Redirections one’s unacceptable urges into more socially acceptable pursuits best defines which of the following defense mechanisms?

Sublimation

Paul takes a test in the army to see if he would make a good pilot. Such a test is

An aptitude test

If a test is reliable, it means that

It yields consistent results

The standardization sample is

The people used to represent the population for whom the test was intended

Which of the following is not one of Howard Gardner’s multiple intelligences?

Practical

Mrs. Ali is careful to make sure that she fairly represents the whole year’s work on the final exam for her American literature class. If Mrs. Ali achieves this goal, her test will have

Content validity

Adam scores on the 84th percentile on the WISC. Which number most closely expresses his IQ

115

Spearman argued that intelligence could be boiled down to one ability known as:

Which of the following would provide the strongest evidence of the idea that intelligence is highly heritable?

Monozygotic twins separated at birth have extremely similar IQ scores.

All of the following people are known for their theories of what intelligence is except for

Flynn

Which statement is true of power tests?

They consist of items of varying difficulty levels.

People with high EQs would be likely to

Find jobs well suited to their individual strengths

Although her score on the personality test indicated that Mariam was devoid of social grace, painfully shy, and frightened of other people, she is extremely popular and outgoing. This personality test lack

Validity

Sameh is an 8 year old and, according to the Stanford-Binet, he has a mental age of 10. What is his IQ?

125

The Flynn effect is the finding that

Intelligence seems to increase with every generation

Dania believes that nature is far more important in shaping personality than nurture. Desmond probably believes in the strong influence of

Genetics

Which of the following is not an anxiety disorder?

Conversion disorder

Which of the following is NOT a personality disorder mentioned in the Summary Handout?

Multiple personality disorder (DID)

All schizophrenics suffer from

Distorted thinking

A conversion disorder is a type of somatoform disorder, where an individual suffers from ______________ without ________________.

A physical ailment; physical causes

Juan hears voices that tell him to kill people. Juan is experiencing

Hallucinations

Linda’s neighbors describe her as typically shy and mild mannered. She seems to be a devoted wife and mother to her husband and three children. Unbeknownst to these neighbors, Linda sometimes dresses up in flashy, revealing clothing and goes to bars to pick up strange men. At such times she is boisterous and overbearing. She tells everyone she meets that her name is Jen. At other times, when she is upset, Linda slips into childlike behavior and responds only to the name Sally. Linda is suffering from

A dissociative disorder

The DSM-IV-TR contains

A description of the symptoms of medical disorders

All of the following are biomedical explanations for schizophrenia EXCEPT A. Double binds B. Brain asymmetries C. The dopamine hypothesis D. A genetic predisposition E. Enlarged brain ventricles

Double binds

When an individual cycles through alternating periods of mania and depressions, he or she suffers from which mood disorder?

Bipolar disorder

Psychologists who draw from several different theoretical perspectives rather than strictly following one are known as

Eclectic

Depression is associated with low levels of

Serotonin

“I am the most important person in the world” is a statement that might characterize the views of someone with which of the following personality disorders?

Narcissistic

What kind of psychologist would be most likely to describe depression as the result of an unconscious process in which anger is turned inward?

Psychoanalytic

What is the prominent cause of cognitive disorders?

Brain damage

Women in the United States have a higher rate of depression than do men. Which kind of psychologists would be most likely to explain this higher incidence in terms of the pressures and prejudices that women suffer?

Sociocultural

The relationship between schizophrenia and Parkinson’s disease is that

Schizophrenia is associated with too much dopamine and Parkinson’s disease with too little.

Anas is unable to move his right arm. He has been to scores of physicians seeking a cure, but none have been able to find any physiological reason for his paralysis. Anas may be suffering from

Conversion disorder

Mary is sexually aroused by aardvarks. Mary might be diagnoses as having

A paraphilia

Which statement about bulimia is true?

Bulimics tend to be overly concerned with their weight and body image.

Which of the following disorders describes a person who is frightened about open, crowded spaces and might even be afraid to leave their house?

Agoraphobia

A false first impression could easily result from which of the following errors?

Fundamental-attribution error

Which of the following suggestions is most likely to reduce the hostility felt between antagonistic groups?

Give the groups a task that cannot be solved unless they work together.

In the Milgram studies, the dependent measure was

The highest level of shock supposedly administered

On Monday, Tanya asked her teacher to postpone Tuesday’s test until Friday. After her teacher flatly refused, Tanya asked the teacher to push the test back one day, to Wednesday. Tanya is using the compliance strategy known as

Door-in-the-face

The tendency of people to look toward others for cues about the appropriate way to behave when confronted by an emergency is known as

Pluralistic ignorance

Advertisements are made more effective when the communicators are

I. Attractive ii. Famous iii. Perceived as experts

Your new neighbor seems to know everything about ancient Greece that your social studies teacher says during the first week of school. You conclude that she is brilliant. You do not consider that she might already have learned about ancient Greece in her old school. You are evidencing

The fundamental attribution error

In Asch’s conformity study, approximately what percentage of participants gave at least one incorrect response?

Jasmine has always hated the color orange. However, one she became a student at Princeton; she began to wear a lot of orange Princeton Tiger clothing. The discomfort caused by her long-standing dislike of the color orange and her current ownership of so much orange-and-black-striped clothing is known as

Cognitive dissonance

When Peter had his first oboe solo in the orchestra concert, his performance was far worse than it was when he rehearsed at home. A phenomenon that helps explain Peter’s poor performance is known as

Social impairment

Kelley’s attribution theory says that people use which of the following kinds of information in explaining events?

Consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness

After your schools’ football team has a big win, students in the halls can be heard saying “We are awesome.” The next week, after the team loses to the last-place team in the league, the same students lament that “They were terrible.” The difference in these comments illustrates

Self-serving bias

Which of the following is the best example of prejudice?

Santiago dislikes cheerleaders.

On their second date, Megan confides in Francisco that she still loves to watch Rugrats. He, in turn, tells her that he still cries when he watches Bambi. These two friends will be brought closer together through this process of

Self-disclosure

On the first day of class, Mr. Simpson divides his class into four competing groups. On the fifth day of school, Jody is sent to the principal for kicking members of the other groups. Mr. Simpson can be faulted for encouraging the creating of

Out-group bias

Rosenthal and Jacobson’s “Pygmalion in the Classroom” study showed that

People’s expectations of others can influence the behavior of those others