POLSCI5 - Detalles

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Systematic study of the state and government.

Political Science

A greek word meaning "a city"

Polis

Latin word meaning "to know"

Scire

Refers to the entire body of doctrines relating to the origin, form, behaviour, and purposes of the state are dealt with the study of political theory.

Political Theory

The (a) organization of governments, (b) the limitations upon government authority, (c) the powers and duties of governmental offices and officers, and (d) the obligations of one state to another

Public Law

Govern the relations among individuals; offer constitutional, administrative and international law

Private Laws

Attention is focused upon methods and techniques used in the actual management of the state affairs by executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government.

Public Administration

Interrelationship of Political Science with other branches of learning: employs knowledge of the past when he seeks to interpret present and probable developments in political phenomena.

History

Interrelationship of Political Science with other branches of learning: Refers to the study of production, distribution, and conservation, and consumption of wealth.

Economics

Interrelationship of Political Science with other branches of learning: seeking to interpret matters like public financial policies and government regulation of business.

Economics

Interrelationship of Political Science with other branches of learning: concerned with the study of the influences of physical factors such as population pressures, sources of raw materials, geography, etc.

Geography Geopolitics

Interrelationship of Political Science with other branches of learning: Upon domestic and foreign politics

Geography Geopolitics

Interrelationship of Political Science with other branches of learning: concerned with the origins and nature of social control and governmental authority, with the abiding influences of race and culture upon society, & with the patterns of collective human behavior.

Sociology & anthropology

Interrelationship of Political Science with other branches of learning: promotes studies of the mental and emotional processes motivating the political behavior of individuals and groups.

Psychology

Interrelationship of Political Science with other branches of learning: Particular topics under this are: public opinion, pressure groups, and propaganda

Psychology

Interrelationship of Political Science with other branches of learning: The concepts and doctrines of Plato, Aristotle & Locke are important to the specialist in academic philosophy and also to the political scientist.

Philosophy

Interrelationship of Political Science with other branches of learning: Political theorist must have abroad background & knowledge of current political problems and he must employ scientific methods in gathering and evaluating the data & in drawing conclusions

Statistics and Logic

Interrelationship of Political Science with other branches of learning: This branch of public law is concerned with the analysis of existing legal systems & also with the ethical, historical, sociological, & psychological foundations of law.

Jurisprudence

Community of persons more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which the great body of inhabitants render obedience, and enjoying freedom from external control.

State

Group of people whose members believe they are ancestrally related.

Nation

Largest group to share such a myth of common descent, it is, in a sentient sense, the fully extended family.

Nation

Elements of state: refers to the mass of population living within the state

People

Components of Territory: land mass

Terrestrial

Components of Territory: aerospace

Aerial

Components of Territory: internal waters

Fluvial

Components of Territory: external water both surface and sub-aquatic

Maritime Domain

True or False: no requirement as to the number of people that should compose a state

TRUE

Smallest state

Vatican

Largest population

China

Largest state

Canada

Elements of state: refers to the agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out

Government

Governance: the system or manner of government;

Manner of government

Governance: the act or state of governing a place;

State of governing a place

Governance: control or authority

Authority

Means the management of the affairs of a business, organization, or institution

ADMINISTRATION

Elements of state:supreme power of the state to command and enforce obedience to its will from people within its jurisdiction, and to have freedom from foreign control.

Sovereignty

Elements of state: declare that the state fulfills the conditions of statehood as required by international law.

Recognition

True or False: recognition can only be implied

FALSE

Signifies the decision of a sovereign state to treat another entity as also being a sovereign state

State recognition

Manifestations of Sovereignty:power of the state to rule within its territory

Internal

Manifestations of Sovereignty:freedom of the state to carry out its activities without subjection or control by other states

External

Manifestations of Sovereignty: often referred to as independence

External

Possession of unlimited power to make laws. It is the authority by which law has the power to issue commands.

Legal sovereignty

Sum total of all the influences in a state which lie behind the law. It is roughly defined as the power of the people

Political sovereignty

The right of the State to pass or enact its own laws and employ force to secure obedience thereto, maintain peace and order within its territorial limits, defend the State against foreign invasion, and do any other act of government over its people and territory

Imperium

Refers to the independent proprietary right of possession, use, conservation, disposition or sale, and control by the State over its territorial lands

Dominium

Characteristics of Sovereignty:means it exist in the same form forever or for a very long time

Permanence

Characteristics of Sovereignty: means it is limited to a group of people.

Exclusivity

Characteristics of Sovereignty:means including everything, so as to be complete comprehensive knowledge of the subject.

Comprehensiveness

Characteristics of Sovereignty:means possessing unlimited power: having total power and authority

Absoluteness

Characteristics of Sovereignty:means the state or condition of being separate from others.

Individuality

Characteristics of Sovereignty:means it is impossible to take away or not able to be transferred or taken away, e.g. because of being protected by law.

Inalienability

Characteristics of Sovereignty:means not to be taken away or impossible to remove or violate the people's imprescriptible rights

Imprescriptibility

Forms of Government(# of persons exercising sovereign powers): The supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person without regard to the source of his election or the nature or duration of his tenure

Monarchy

Forms of Government(# of persons exercising sovereign powers): form of government in which one person has the hereditary right to rule as head of state during his or her lifetime; the term is also applied to the state so governed

Monarchy

Forms of Government(# of persons exercising sovereign powers): the supreme power of the dictator whose power is usually through force

Authoritarian

Forms of Government(# of persons exercising sovereign powers): political power is exercised by few privileged class; although the power of government is wielded by a few, theoretically the administration of government is carried on for the welfare of the many.

Aristocracy

Types of monarchy: one in which the ruler rules by divine right;

Absolute Monarchy

Types of monarchy: one in which the ruler rules in accordance with a constitution; exemplified in modern-day constitutional monarchies

Limited monarchy

Types of authoritorian:favoring strict rules and established authority;

Strict and demanding obedience

Types of authoritorian:belonging to or believing in a political system in which obedience to the ruling person or group is strongly enforced.

Demanding political obedience

Forms of Government(# of persons exercising sovereign powers):form of aristocracy whenever the interests of the people as a whole are made subservient to the selfish interests of the rulers,

Oligarchy

Forms of Government(# of persons exercising sovereign powers): political power is exercised by the majority of the people

Democracy

Aristocracy: people of noble families or the highest social class

People of highest social class

Aristocracy: a group believed to be superior to all others of the same kind

Superior group

Aristocracy: government of a country by a small group of people, especially a hereditary nobility

Government by elite

Aristocracy: a state governed by an aristocracy.

State run by elite

Oligarchy: a small group of people who together govern a nation or control an organization, often for their own purposes;

Small governing group

Oligarchy: a nation governed or an organization controlled by an oligarchy

Entity ruled by oligarchy

Oligarchy: government or control by a small group of people

Government by small group

Types of democracy: the will of the state is formulated or expressed directly and immediately through the people in a mass meeting or primary assembly rather than through the medium of representatives chosen by the people to act for them

Direct or pure democracy

Types of democracy: representative or republican democracy or one in which the will of the state is formulated and expressed through the agency of a relatively small and select body of persons chosen by the people to act as their representatives.

Indirect democracy

Forms of Government(extent of powers exercised by the central or national government): the control of national and local affairs is exercised by the national government

Unitary government

Forms of Government(extent of powers exercised by the central or national government): the powers of government are divided between two sets of organs, one for national affairs and the other for local affairs, each organ being supreme within its own sphere.

Federal government

Forms of Government (relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of the government): executive and legislative branch of the government are dependent or executive branch is part of the legislative branch.

Parliamentary government or cabinet government

Forms of Government (relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of the government): the state makes the executive independent from the legislative

Presidential government

Forms of Government (source of power or authority):not so constituted or founded with the existing constitution but has the general support of the people and has effective control of the territory over which it exercises its powers

De facto

Forms of Government (source of power or authority):constituted or founded in accordance with the existing constitution of the state but has no control of the territory.

De Jure

Doctrine and practice of dispersing political power and creating mutual accountability among political entities such as the courts, the president or prime minister, the legislature, and the citizens.

Checks and Balances

Doctrine and practice of dividing the powers of a government among different branches to guard against abuse of authority.

Separation of Powers

Seperation of powers: has the power to make laws

Legislative branch

Seperation of powers: has the authority to administer the law—primarily by bringing lawbreakers to trial—and to appoint officials and oversee the administration of government responsibilities

Executive branch

Seperation of powers: has the power to try cases brought to court and to interpret the meaning of laws under which the trials are conducted.

Judicial branch

Attitude, philosophy, or movement that has as its basic concern the development of personal freedom and social progress.

Liberalism

Usually conditioned by the character of the prevailing form of government.

Liberalism

A general state of mind that is averse to rapid change and innovation and strives for balance and order, while avoiding extremes.

Conservatism

Advocated belief in faith over reason, tradition over free inquiry, hierarchy over equality, collective values over individualism, and divine or natural law over secular law

Conservatism

Emphasizes the merits of the status quo and endorses the prevailing distribution of power, wealth, and social standing.

Conservatism

Political system in which the people of a country rule through any form of government they choose to establish. In modern democracies, supreme authority is exercised for the most part by representatives elected by popular suffrage.

Democracy

Economic and social doctrine, political movement inspired by this doctrine, and system or order established when this doctrine is organized in a society.

Socialism

Demands state ownership and control of the fundamental means of production and distribution of wealth, to be achieved by reconstruction of the existing capitalist or other political system of a country through peaceful, democratic, and parliamentary means.

Socialism

Advocates nationalization of natural resources, basic industries, banking and credit facilities, and public utilities.

Socialism

Advocates state ownership of corporations in which the ownership function has passed from stockholders to managerial personnel.

Socialism

Economic system in which private individuals and business firms carry on the production and exchange of goods and services through a complex network of prices and markets.

Capitalism

Called consumer sovereignty; reflects the idea that under capitalism producers will be forced by competition to use their resources in ways that will best satisfy the wants of consumers.

Capitalism

A theory and system of social and political organization that was a major force in world politics for much of the 20th century

Communism

System of fundamental laws or principles for the government of nation, society, corporation or other aggregation of individuals and it may be either written or unwritten

CONSTITUTION

Written enactment by the direct action of the people by which the fundamental powers of the government are established, defined and limited and by which those powers are distributed among several departments for their safe and useful exercise for the benefit of the body politic.

CONSTITUTION

REQUISITES OF A GOOD CONSTITUTION: It must outline an organization of the government for the whole State.

It must be broad

REQUISITES OF A GOOD CONSTITUTION: It is a document that should not be too detailed in form

It must be brief

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