P- BLOCK ELEMENTS
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P- BLOCK ELEMENTS - Marcador
P- BLOCK ELEMENTS - Detalles
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Metal oxides are ... | Basic |
| FIRST MEMBER of P-BLOCK DIFFERS from rest of the heavier elements starting from 3rd period in ( 2 ways) | 1) SIZE 2) (applies only to p block elements) ABSENCE OF EFFECT OF D ORBITALS IN THE VALENCE SHELL OF THEIR ELEMENTS and their effects in heavier elements |
| ELEMENTS OF 3RD PERIOD P BLOCK CAN EXTEND THEIR VALENCY CUS | THEY HAVE VACANT D ORBITAL PRESENT |
| FIRS T MEMBER OF A GROUP DIFFESR FROM THS HEAVIER ELEMENTS IN ITS ABILITY TO | FORM p-pi - p-pi bonds to itself and to second row elements |
| P pi- Ppi bonding isnt strong for thr heavier elements of p block but their pi bonds involve D orbitals, as D orbitals are higher in energy than P orbitals, they | Contribute less to the overall stability than P-pi - P - pi BONDING of the second row elements |
| The ... NUMBER maybe ... in species of higher mass than the first element of the same oxidation state | COORDINATION, higher |
| BORON is ... metal/ not | NON METAL |
| METALS IN GROUP 13 | ALUMINIUM GALLIUM INDIUM THALIUM NIHONIUM |
| GROUP 13 | BORON FAMILY |
| GROUP 14 | CARBON FAMILY |
| BORON OCCURS AS | ORTHOBORIC ACID (H3BO3) BORAX( Na2B4O7.10H20) KERNITE (Na2B4O7.4H20) |
| 2 ISOTOPIC FORMS OF BORON ARE | 10 11 B B 5 5 |
| ... IS THE MOSTT ABUNDANT METAL | ALUMINIUM |
| IMPORTANT MINERALS OF ALUMINUM ARE | BAUXITE Al2O3.2H20 CRYOLITE Na3AlF6 |
| In india, borax occurs in... & ... | PUGA VALLEY, LADAKH SAMBHAR LAKE, RAJASTHAN |
| IN india, aluminium is found as ... in ..., ..., ..., ... | MIKA . MP KARNATAKA ORRISA JAMMU |
| ATOMIC RADII TREND : BORON FAMILY | B Ga Al In Tl |
| WHY IS GALLIUM SHORTER THAN ALUMINIUM | THE presence of additional 10 d e- offer only poor screening effect for the outer electrons from the increased nuclear charge |
| Electronegativity order | B Tl In Ga Al |
| BORON COLOR | BLACK |
| Why has BORON SO HIGH MELTING POINT | Due to vry strong CRYSTALLINE LATTICE |
| HIGH BOILING POINT OF GALLIUM MAKES IT USEFUK FOR ... | MEASURING HIGH TEMPERATURES |
| WHY boron forms covalent bonds not ionic | DUE TO SMALL SIZE OF BORON, THE SUM OF ITS THREE ENTHALPIES OF IONIZATION IS VERY HIGH, WHICH PREVENTS IT FROM MAKING B+3 ION AND HENCE, IT CAN FORM BONDS ONLY THROUGH SHARING |
| ON BASIS OF, ...IN BORON FAMILY THE COMPOUNDS IN ... OXDN STATE ARE MORE IONIC | ENERGY CONSIDERATION, +1 |
| In thallium, +1 oxidation state is predominant whereas, +3 OXIDN state is highly ... in nature | OXIDISING |
| TRICHLORIDES ON HYDROLYSIS IN WATER FORM ...(shape) ...(formula) species And the hybridization of metal M is ... | TETRAHEDRAL [M(OH)4]- |
| Aluminium Chloride in acidified aqueous solution forms ...(shape) ... ... formula | OCTAHEDRAL [Al(H20)6]+3 |
| BORON is unreactive with air in ... form | CRYSTALLINE |
| ... and ... oxides are amphoteric ---gp 13 | ALUMINIUM GALLIUM |
| ... and ... oxides are are basic in their properties | INDIUM and THALLIUM |
| ... renders aluminium passive by forming a protective layer over its surface | CONCENTRATED NITRIC ACID |
| ALUMINIUM reacts with ... and... to liberate DIHYDROGEN | HCl and AQUEOUS ALKALI |
| 2Al (s) + 2NaOH (aq) + 6H2O(l) ----> g) | 2 Na+[Al(OH)4]- (aq) + 3 H2(g) | | SODIUM TETRAHYDROXY ALUMINATE (|||) |
| 2E + 3X2 ---> (X= F,Cl, Br,I) | 3X2 + 2EX3 |
| WHY WHITE fumes appear around the bottle of ANHYDROUS Aluminium chloride? | Anhydrous aluminium chloride is partially hydrolysed with atmospheric moisture to liberate HCl gas,. Moist HCl is WHITE in color |
| HYDRATION | Its defined as ELECTROPHILIC ADDITION REACTION, and there is NO CLEAVAGE OF THE ORIGINAL MOLECULE. in this kind of reaction, water reacts with an unsaturated compund, for eg, to form an ALCHOHOL ~from hydration of ethylene to form ethanol. here, hydroxyl group (-OH) adds to one of the bonds and proton adds to another. |
| HYDROLYSIS | Its a reaction in which chemical bonds are broken by the addition. EG: if we add, water to concentrated sulphuric acid, H2SO4, it dissociates into H3O+ and (HSO4)- |
| Monomeric trihalides are ... | Lewis acids |
| F3B + :NH3 ---> | F3B<---NH3 |
| DUE TO ... MAXIMUM COVALENCE OF BORON IS 4 | ABSENCE OF D ORBITALS |
| BORAX AND BORIC ACID ARE USED MAINLY IN INDUSTRIAL FORMATION OF ... , ... & ... | GLASS WOOL PYREX FIBREGLASS |
| AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF ... IS USED AS A MILD ANTISEPTIC | ORTHOBORIC ACID |
| ALUMINIUM IS ... COLORED WITH HIGH TENSILE STRENGTH | BRIGHT SILVERY BRIGHT |
| ALUMINIUM IS USED IN ... ... ... ... | PACKING UTENSIL MAKING CONSTRUCTION AEROPLANE AND TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY |
| B Al Ga In Tl ----atomic weights | 5 13 31 49 81 |
| Atomic radius gp 13 | B Ga Al In Tl |