india
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| As per Article 343(1) of the Indian Constitution, the official language of India is | Hindi in Devanagari script |
| The languages which were added to the Eighth Schedule are | Sindhi, Konkani, Nepali, Manipuri, Maithili, Dogri, Bodo and Santhali. |
| Other languages which have been conferred the status of a Classical Language | Sanskrit, Kannada, Malayalam, Telugu and Odia |
| The official language of Goa | Konkani |
| The principal languages of Lakshdweep are | Jeseri (Dweep Bhasha) and Mahal |
| The two States which have Sanskrit as one of their official languages | Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh |
| The principal languages of the Andaman & Nicobar islands are | Hindi, Nicobarese, Bengali, Tamil, Malayalam and Telugu. |
| Central Institute of Indian Languages | Mysore, Karnataka |
| Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya | Wardha, Maharashtra |
| English and Foreign Languages University | Hyderabad, A.P. |
| Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan | New Delhi |
| Rashtriya Sanskrit Vidyapeeth | Tirupathi |
| Andhra | 1953 Part of the state of Madras |
| Gujarat | 1960 Part of the state of Bombay |
| Maharashtra | 1960 Part of the state of Bombay |
| Kerala | 1956 State of Travancore and Cochin |
| Nagaland | 1963 Union territory |
| Haryana | 1966 Part of Punjab |
| Karnataka | 1956 State of Mysore was formed in 1953, enlarged Mysore in 1956 which was renamed in 1973. |
| Himachal Pradesh | 1971 Union Territory |
| Manipur, Tripura | 1972 Union Territories |
| Meghalaya | 1972 Autonomous state within state of Assam |
| Sikkim | 1975 Associate state since 1974 and a protectorate of India before that. |
| Mizoram | 1987 District of Assam till 1972 and Union Territory from 1972 to 1987. |
| Arunachal Pradesh | 1987 Union Territory |
| Goa | 1987 Union Territory |
| Uttarakhand | 2000 Part of Uttar Pradesh |
| Chhattisgarh | 2000 Part of Madhya Pradesh |
| Jharkhand | 2000 Part of Bihar |
| Telangana | 2014 Part of Andhra Pradesh |
| Goa, Puducherry, Dadra Nagar Haveli and Sikkim | Were not a part of India at the time of independence |
| NATIONAL ANTHEM/NATIONAL SONG | Jana Gana Mana/Vande Mataram |
| Author | Rabindranath Tagore / Bankim Chandra Chatterji |
| Originally written in | Bengali/Sanskrit |
| 1st sung in | 1911, Kolkata /1896, Kolkata |
| English rendering by | Tagore/Shri Aurobindo |
| The national bird is | Peacock (Pavo cristatus) |
| The national fruit is | Mango (Magnifera indica) |
| The national flower is | Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera) |
| The national tree is | Banyan (Ficus benghalensis) |
| The national animal is | Tiger (Panthera tigris) |
| The national aquatic animal is | River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) |
| The national river is | The Ganges |
| He national bird is | Peacock (Pavo cristatus) |
| The national fruit is | Mango (Magnifera indica) |
| The national flower is | Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera) |
| The national tree is | Banyan (Ficus benghalensis) |
| The national animal is | Tiger (Panthera tigris) |
| The national aquatic animal is | River Dolphin (Platanista gangetica) |
| The national river is | The Ganges |
| National Emblem adaptation | Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka. |
| The four smaller animals at the bottom of the national emblem are | Horse bull (visible) and lion elephant (not ). |
| The National Emblem was adopted by the Government of India on | 26 January 1950. |
| National Anthem | Five stanzas- 'Jana Gana Mana'- first stanza |
| 'Jana Gana Mana' was first sung at | Calcutta 1911, 27 Dec. |
| The national song Vande Mataram has been taken from | Bankim Chandra Chatterji’s Anand Math. |
| Vande Mataram was first sung at | 1896 session of INC. |
| The national calendar based on | The Saka Era was adopted on 22 Mar 1957. |
| Chaitra is the first month of the year whose 1st day falls on | 22 March normally and on 21 March in a leap year. |
| The national calendar also has | 365/366 days |
| The design of the national flag was adopted on | 22 July 1947. |
| The display of the National Flag is governed by Flag Code of India, 2002, which took effect on | 26 Jan 2002. |
| Union of india | Republic of india |
| Start/drafted | 29 Aug 1947/4 nov1949 |
| Authors | Drafting committee of the constituent of assembly |
| Purpose | To replace the indian independence act 1935 |
| Signatories | 284 member of Constituent Assembly |
| Preamble | Soverign socialist Secular, democratic republic |
| To citizen | Justice Liberty equality fraternity |
| Constitutional autochthony/nationalism | Article 395 repealed British Act |
| Date effective/DAys | 26 jan1950/2y11m18d |
| Purpose | To replace the Indian Independence Act 1947 |
| The date of 26 January was chosen to commemorate the | Purna Swaraj declaration of independenceof 1930. |
| Represented the Anglo-Indian community | FRANK ANTHONY |
| Parsis were represented by | H. P. Modi. |
| Represented all Christians other than Anglo-Indians | Harendra Coomar Mookerje |
| Ari Bahadur Gurung | Represented the Gorkha Community |
| Prominent jurists like | Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer |
| Sarojini Naidu Hansa Mehta, Durgabai Deshmukh, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur and Vijayalakshmi Pandit | Important women members |
| Calligraphy in the book was done by | Prem Behari Narain Raizda |
| The first temporary 2-day president of the Constituent Assembly was | Dr Sachchidananda Sinha. Later |
| The Indian Constitution is first and foremost | A social document |