GNPATHD - Lecture
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GNPATHD - Lecture - Marcador
GNPATHD - Lecture - Detalles
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Are simple cells that have no nucleus | Prokaryotic Cells |
| Most are unicellular bacteria | Prokaryotic cells |
| It means "karyon" | Nucleus |
| Forms the cell's outer boundary and separates the cell's internal environment from the outside environment | Plasma membrane or "plasmalemma" |
| It allows the passage of some things and not other | Selectively permeable barrier |
| Plays a role in cellular communication | Plasma Membrane |
| Is much more than just a "fence" - it is a flexible yet sturdy, "intelligent" semipermeable regular. | Plasma membrane |
| It covers and protects the cell | Plasma membrane |
| It controls what goes in and comes out | Plasma Membrane |
| It is the linkage to other cells | Gap Junction |
| Bleeding in blood vessels | Clot formation |
| It occurs because of the linkage | Platelet Aggregation |
| Flies certain "flags" to tell other cells "who" it is | Plasma membrane |
| It describes the arrangement of molecules within the membrane. | Fluid Mosaic Model |
| Protein pore | Aquaporin |
| It surrounds the inner and outer portion | Protein molecule |
| It forms a lipid bilayer | Phospholipids |
| Composition of lipid bilayer | Cholesterol and glycolipids |
| Extend into or through the bilayer | Integral proteins |
| Spa the entire lipid bilayer | Transmembrane proteins |
| Attach to the inner or outer surface but do not extend through the membrane | Peripheral proteins |
| Are membrane proteins with a carbohydrate group attached that protrude into the extracellular fluid | Glycoproteins |
| It is found in some bacteria | Glycocalyx |
| Selectively move substances through the membrane | Transporters |
| Catalyze chemical reactions | Enzymes |
| For cellular recognition | Receptor |
| Catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell (depending on which direction the active site laces). | Enzyme |
| Peripheral proteins also serves as _________ | Enzymes and linkers |
| Distinguishes your cells from anyone else’s (unless you are an identical twin). e.g. ABO blood type | Cell identity marker (glycoprotein) |
| Important class of such markers | Major Histocompatibility (MHC) proteins |
| Because of the distribution of lipids and the proteins embedded in it, the membrane allows some substances across but not others; this is called ___________ | Selective permeability |
| For those substances that are needed by the cell but for which the membrane is impenetrable (impermeable), ____________ _________ act as channels and transporters. | Transmembrane proteins |
| They assist the entrance of certain substances that either can't pass at all (glucose) or for which the cell needs to hasten passage (ions). | Membrane permeability |
| ↑difference in concentration ↑ rate of diffusion. | Steepness of the concentration gradient |
| ↑temperature ↑ rate of diffusion. | Temperature |
| ↑ mass of the diffusing particle ↓diffusion rate | Mass of the diffusing substance. |
| ↑surface area ↑ diffusion rate. | Surface area |
| ↑ distance ↑time | Diffusion distance |
| Water can pass through plasma membrane in 2 ways: | through lipid bilayer by simple diffusion through aquaporins (integral membrane proteins) |
| In the third tube, the force generated by the movement of water from the left to the right side is called | Osmotic Pressure |
| Requires a specific channel or a carrier molecule, but no energy is used | Facilitated diffusion |
| Passage of potassium ions through a gated K+ Channel | Channel-Mediated Facilitated Diffusion |
| Passage of glucose across the cell membrane. | Carrier-Mediated Facilitated Diffusion |
| Ideal fluid for passage of drugs | Isotonic |
| In donor and donee situations | Cross matching |
| Neutralizer | Isotonic Solution |
| Used when given meds intravenously | Hypotonic |
| Neurons are swelling/inflammation | Hypertonic |
| Involve the use of energy, primarily from the breakdown of ATP, to move a substance against its [gradient]. | Active processes |
| Various types of transporters are used, and energy is required. | Active processes |
| The sodium-potassium pump is found in all cells. | Active processes |
| Intracellular cation - potassium | Going out - passive |
| Extracellular cation - sodium | Going out - active |
| Antiporters carry two substances across the membrane in opposite directions. | Secondary Active Transport Mechanisms |
| Symporters carry two substances across the membrane in the same direction. | Secondary Active Transport Mechanisms |
| It came from golgi apparatus | Vesicles |
| Key type; e.g. hormone, LDL receptor | Receptor-mediated endocytosis |