Genetics
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Genetics - Marcador
Genetics - Detalles
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Homozygous Genotype | Same two uppercase or lowercase letters |
Heterozygous Genotype | Different letters; one capital, one lowercase |
What blood type is recessive | Blood Type O |
What blood type is a Universal Receiver | Blood Type AB |
Dominant alleles are not always _____ or ______ | Advantageous or common |
Alleles | Different variations of the same gene trait represented as uppercase and lowercase letters; genotypes consist of two allele letters, one comes from and one from dad |
Dominant alleles have ______ letters | Uppercase |
Phenotype | How the genotype is physically expressed; the physical appearance |
True breeding means _______ | An organism’s offspring will look like the parent due to its homozygous purebred |
Law of Segregation | Alleles separate during the formation of sex cell gametes |
The Punnett Square | Predicts outcome probability of genetic crosses |
Genotypic ratio: | Dominant traits are displayed first, then recessive traits |
Phentypic ratio: | Description of trait |
Dihybrid cross | When two genes mix on the punnett square |
The Punnet Square is usually: | Accurate |
Law of Independent Assortment --- | Genes can separate during the formation of sex cells gametes and do not have to be linked or inherited together |
Codominance - | Both alleles are qually as dominatn so both are expressed side by side at the same time in a third phenotype |
In codominance, the traits will be written as ____ letters with ____ letters side byside | Captialized, different |
Incomplete Dominance - | When one allele is not competely dominant over another resulting in a third mixed phenotype |
Multiple alleles - | Genes with more than two alleles resulting in more than just two phenotypes |
Polygenic Traits --- | Traits controlled by two or more genes resulting in many phenotypes |
Sex chromosomes --- | The sex of an individual depends on the presence or absence of a Y chromosome. A male’s sex genotype is XY while a female’s is XX. |
Autosomes --- | Every other chromosome in your body besides the sex chromosomes |
X-linked traits --- | Only located on the “X” sex chromosome |
Carrier --- | A heterozygous individual carrying a hidden recessive trait who therefore remains unaffected by that trait |
Pedigre --- | Race a family’s genotypes and phenotypes and therefore autosomal or X-linked traits |
Pedigree Key circle is: | Female |
Pedigree Key shaded part means: | Expressed trait |
Pedigree Key crossed out means: | Deceased |
First, an Unknown Pedigree Trait can be figured out by: | Identifying if the trait is dominant or recessive |
Second, an Unknown Pedigree Trait can be figured out by: | Identify whether the trait is Autosomal or X-linked |
Karyotypes --- | Diagrams used to diagnose chromosomal disorders in humans who should normally have no more and no less than 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs |
Gel Electrophoresis --- | Allows scientists to compare & identify an individual’s DNA pattern |
Genetic Engineering --- | Manipulating the genetic material of living organisms |
DNA Transformation --- | When a strand of DNA transforms because it has acquired and incorporated pieces of foreign DNA |
Plasmids --- | Extra circular DNA in bacteria, that’s separate from its main DNA chromosome, because it contains genes that are only expressed under special conditions |
Recombinant DNA | Combining a DNA plasmid from a bacterium with a gene of interest from a different organism, to copy that gene, and produce the protein associated with it, so it can be inserted into an organism for engineering purposes. |
The downsyndrome chromosome is identified when: | The 21st chromosome has 3 chromosomes |
Additional chromosomes found in Karyotype Chromosome Pairs are: | Genetic disorders |