Chapter 3 Integumentary System
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Chapter 3 Integumentary System - Marcador
Chapter 3 Integumentary System - Detalles
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| What is alopecia? | Hair loss |
| What are the functions of skin?(7) | 1. Aids in excretion of waste products 2. Has nerve endings that provide the brain with sensory information related to pain, heat and cold, touch, pressure and vibration 3. Insulates body and protects from trauma through subcutaneous layer of fat 4. Prevents excessive water loss 5. Protects against pathogenic organisms and foreign substances(Provides a natural barrier against infection 6. Regulates temperature 7. Synthesizes vitamin D |
| What are the sudoriferous glands? | Coiled tube-like structures which excrete sweat, cooling the body's surface |
| What are the ceruminous glands? | Modified sudoriferous glands located in the external ear canal which are responsible for secretion of cerumen. Cerumen protects the canal from foreign body invasion. |
| What are the sebaceous glands? | The sebaceous glands secrete sebum through the hair follicles, lubricating the skin and hair that covers the body and also inhibiting bacterial growth |
| What is hair composed of? | It is composed of dead epidermal tissue and keratin |
| What are nails composed of? | Mainly keratin but the base of the nail is made of living tissue |
| What is the epidermis? | The outermost layer of skin that is divided into strata or layers. These cells are packed tightly and have no distinct blood supply. The innermost layer of the epidermis is known as the stratum germinativum and is the only layer able to undergo cell division and reproduce. It receives its blood supply and nutrition from the underlying dermis through diffusion |
| What are melanocytes? | Melanocytes are specialized cells found in the epidermis. They give rise to melanin which is responsible for skin color |
| What is the dermis? | Also known as the corium, it is considered the "true skin". It is well supplied with blood vessels and nerves and contains the glands and hair follicles. |
| What is the subcutaneous layer? | Also known as the superficial fascia, it is the layer directly beneath the dermis. This layer connects the skin to muscle surface and is composed of adipose tissue and loose connective tissue. |
| What are the functions of the subcutaneous layer?(4) | 1.Storing water and fat 2.Insulating the body 3.Protecting the organs lying beneath it 4.providing a pathway for nerves and blood vessels |
| What sorts of subjective information should be obtained upon assessment? | 1. Recent skin lesions or rash 2. Where the lesion first appeared 3.How long the lesions have been present 4.Presence of conditions such as asthma, seasonal rhinitis or allergies 5.C/O pain, pruritus, tingling or burning 6.Skin care regimen 7.Recent skin color changes 8.Exposure to sun(With or without sunscreen) 9.Family history of skin cancer |
| What are some nursing considerations to consider upon skin assessment? | 1. wear gloves when inspecting skin 2.Assess skin under natural light 3.Use all the senses to assess the skin 4.Expose the area to be assessed while maintaining privacy |
| What are some physiologic factors that influence skin color?(5) | 1.Amount of hemoglobin in the blood 2.Amount of melanin in the epidermis 3.Amount of substances such as bilirubin, urea or other chemicals in the blood 4.Oxygen saturation of the blood 5.Qualitly and quantity of blood circulating in the superficial blood vessels |
| What is a Macule? | Flat, circumscribed area that is changed in color and less than 1 cm in diameter(ie. Freckles, flat nevi, petechiae, measles, scarlet fever) |
| What is a Papule? | Elevated, firm, circumscribed area and less than 1 cm in diameter(ie. Warts, elevated nevi, lichen planus) |
| What is a Wheal? | Elevated, irregularly shaped area of cutaneous edema. Solid, transient, variable diameter(ie. Insect bites, urticaria, allergic reaction) |
| What is a Pustule? | Elevated, Superficial Lesion; similar to a vesicle but filled with purulent fluid(ie. impetigo, acne) |
| What is a Keloid? | Irregular shaped, elevated, progressively enlarging scar; grows beyond the boundaries of the wound; caused by excessive collagen formation during healing(ie. keloid formation after surgery) |
| What is excoriation? | Loss of the epidermis; linear hollowed-out crusted area(ie. abrasion, scratch or scabies) |
| What is an ulcer? | Loss of epidermis and dermis; concave and varied in size(ie. Pressure sores or stasis ulcers) |
| What is Atrophy? | Thinning of skin surface and loss of skin markings; skin translucent and paper-like(ie. striae, aged skin) |
| PQRST | Provocative or Palliative factors Quality and Quantity(characteristics and size) Region of body Severity of the symptoms Time(length of time the problem has been going on) |
| ABCDE | Asymmetric Borders(Regular or irregular) Color(even or uneven) Diameter(any changes in size) Elevated |
| Stage 1 Pressure Injury | Localized, intact, non-blanchable redness. May be painful, firm, soft, warm or cool in comparison with surrounding skin. |
| Stage 2 Pressure Injury | Partial-thickness loss of dermis. Appears as a shallow open injury, usually shiny or dry with a red-pink bed without slough or bruising. May also present with serum-filled blisters |
| Stage 3 Pressure Injury | Full-Thickness tissue loss in which subcutaneous fat is sometimes visible but not bone, tendon or muscle. May present with some slough but not enough to obscure depth of tissue loss. Undermining, tunneling may also be present |
| Stage 4 Pressure Injury | Full-Thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, cartilage or muscle. Slough or eschar may be present. undermining or tunneling may also be present |
| Unclassified Pressure Injury | Full-thickness tissue loss covered in slough and eschar in which the depth cannot be determined until the base of the wound has been exposed. |
| Deep tissue Injury | Localized purple or marron area of discolored intact skin or blood-filled blister. May present painful, firm, boggy, mushy, warm or cool in comparison to surrounding skin |