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Chapter 1 The Evolution of Nursing


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Mikayla Delenia


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Accreditation
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A higher standard that signifies that the accrediting organization has judged that a program has met its preestablished criteria

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Chapter 1 The Evolution of Nursing - Detalles

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Accreditation
A higher standard that signifies that the accrediting organization has judged that a program has met its preestablished criteria
Approved Program
One that satisfies the minimum standards set by the state agency responsible for overseeing educational programs
Articulation
Allows nursing programs to plan their curricula collaboratively; the purpose is to lessen duplication of learning experiences and support a process of progressive buildup
Certification
Licensure
Health
The area along the wellness-illness continuum that the patient occupies
Health Care System
Consists of a network of agencies, facilities, and providers involved with health care in a specified geographic area
Holistic
Care that requires that professionals from differing areas come together to provide comprehensive care
Holistic Health Care
A system of comprehensive or total patient care that considers the physical, emotional, social, economic, and spiritual needs of a person
Illness
An abnormal process in which aspects of the social, emotional, or intellectual condition and function of a person are diminished or impaired
Licensure
The granting of permission by the overseeing authority to engage in practice or activity that would otherwise be illegal
Patient
The individual who receives the care
Pesthouses
Hospitals that were dirty, overcrowded filled with patients
Portfolio
An organized account of an individual's education and professional accomplishments
Wellness
A dynamic state of health in which an individual progresses toward a higher level of functioning, achieving an optimal balance between internal and external environment.
What word can "nursing" be traced back to?
The Latin word nutrire = to nourish
Illness was an indicator of what?
One's standing with God as well as a direct outcome of divine disfavor
What did medicine men do?
Performed witchcraft and rituals to lure the bad spirits out of the body
Methods of the medicine men?
Masks, noises, incantations, odors, charms, spells, sacrifices, purgatives (laxatives), emetics, application of hot and cold substances, cautery, cupping, and massage
In the 19th century, nurses were filled with women who?
Heavily drank, engaged in prostitution, or were inmates
Who is Theodor Fliedner?
A German pastor in Kaiserswerth, Germany, the Lutheran Order of Deaconesses established the first school of nursing in the mid 1800s
In 1853 what did Florence Nightingale become?
The superintendent of a charity hospital for ill governesses
Because of Florence Nightingale what changed at the Barrack Hospital?
The mortality rate dropped and the soldiers grew to respect her as well as look forward to her presence
What happened in 1860?
Florence Nightingale began the reformation of nursing from occupation to profession by establishing the nursing school at Saint Thomas Hospital in London
Explain the "Nightingale Plan"
Complete records were kept on each student's progress This became the model for nursing education in the 20th century
What did Pastor Theodore Fliedner do in 1849?
Traveled to the US with 4 highly trained nurse deaconesses and was instrumental in the establishment of the first Protestant hospital on American shores.
Where was the first Protestant hospital located?
Pittsburgh Named the Pittsburgh Infirmary and is still in existence under Passavant Hospital
The 4 nurse deaconesses did what?
Began the first formal education of nurses in the US
In 1869 the American Medical Association recommended what?
That every large hospital should establish and support its own school of nursing to meet the need for patient care
In 1893 what was established and by who?
The American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools of Nursing was established by Isabel Hampton Robb and Lavinia Dock
What was the goal of Isabel Hampton Robb and Lavinia Dock?
To set educational standards for nurses
In what year and what states became the first to mandate licensure?
In 1903 north Carolina, New Jersey, New York, and Virginia became the first states to mandate licensure
Dorothea Dix
1802-1887 Pioneer crusader for elevation of standards of care for the mentally ill Superintendent of Female Nurses of the Union Army
Clara Barton
1821-1912 Developed the American Red Cross in 1881
Mary Ann Ball
1817-1901 One of the greatest nurse heroines of the Civil War Championed the rights and comforts of the soldiers; organized diet kitchens, laundries, ambulance service; and supervised the nursing staff
Linda Richards
1841-1930 First trained nurse in America Responsible for the development of the first nursing and hospital records Credited with the development of our present-day documentation system
Isabella Hampton Robb
1859-1910 Organized the first graded system of theory and practice in the schools of nursing One of the founders of the American Journal of Nursing
Lavinia Dock
1858-1956 Responsible, with Robb, for the organization of the American Society of Superintendents of Training Schools, which evolved into the National League for Nursing Education
Mary Eliza Mahoney
1845-1926 Graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children in 1879, becoming the first African-American professional nurse Worked for acceptance of African Americans in the nursing profession
Lillian D. Wald
1867-1940 Responsible for the development of public health nursing in the US through the founding of the Henry Street Settlement in NYC
Mary Adelaide Nutting
1858-1948 A leader in nursing education Developed curriculum concepts and guidelines for student nurses Assisted in the development of the International Council of Nurses
Mary Breckenridge
1881-1965 Pioneer in nurse-midwifery Established the Frontier Nursing Service to deliver obstetric care to mothers in the hills of Kentucky; these nurses traveled on horseback to reach mothers
The women who served as military nurses did what after WWI?
They returned to their homes and previous jobs/careers
During WWII why was the Cadet Nurse Corps created?
It was established to provide an abbreviated training program which was designed to meet the needs of the war effort.
In addition to the Cadet Nurse Corps, what also was developed and who was it offered to?
Federally subsidized programs in nursing were developed and implemented to offer to BOTH women as well as men
After WWII what did the nurses do?
The nurses trained by these programs remained in military service
Civilian vs. Military Nurses
Civilian: low pay, long hours, atrocious conditions Military: prestige, pay, as well as opportunity for advancement
What types of roles have surged in the recent decades?
Advanced practice nursing roles: nurse anesthetists, nurse practitioners, and midwives
What was published in 1903, by who, and what was it about?
Isabel Hampton Robb and Adelaide Nutting published a position paper recommending the baccalaureate degree level as the minimum acceptable preparation for entry into the profession
What happened during the mid-1960s?
Hospitals began moving away from operating schools of nursing
What happened in 1965?
The American Nurses Association (ANA) recommended that nursing education take place in institutions of learning within the general system of education
What did shifting towards colleges and universities provide?
It provides the student nurse a broader educational base with an emphasis on not only skill development but also the integration of nursing theory and related general education courses
What did the National League for Nurses release in 2014?
They released a position paper recognizing the LPN/LVN as a valued member of the professional nursing team
What should the education of LPN/LVN contain?
It should contain experiences of acute and long-term settings
Nurses are responsible for _______
Providing care to increasingly complex health conditions and managing complicated treatment modalities
21st century demographic changes?
Life expectancy of the population is increasing, and growing numbers of older adults are seeking health care for chronic illnesses
In what ways is nursing responding to women's health care issues and the women's movement?
Increasingly asserting their equal rights as humans, employees, and health care professionals. Encouraged by the women's movement, they have sought greater autonomy and responsibility in providing care as well as helping women to become more aware of their own unique needs
What does nursing advocate for?
Nursing advocates for the rights of all individuals
Which states showed higher uninsured rates? Lowest?
Highest: Several southern states Lowest: Northeast
What to expect during your hospital stay
High quality hospital care/Clean and safe environment/Involvement in your care
Why did the "capping ceremony" lose it's significance
Movement toward a more informal uniform made the cap a dated piece of apparel. The cap interfered with the care being provided because it caught on equipment. Hair loss
Significance of pinning ceremonies?
Demonstrated successful program completion. Dates back to late 1800s in England
Demographic changes in the 21st century?
Life expectancy of the population is increasing and growing numbers of older adults are seeking health care for chronic illnesses
In what ways is nursing responding to women's health care issues?
Women nurses are increasingly asserting their equal rights as humans, employees, and health care professionals. Encouraged by the women's movement, they have sought greater autonomy and responsibility in providing care as well as helping women to become more aware of their own unique needs
Why do critics associate Florence Nightingale with the decreasing number of men in nursing?
She recommended that "gentlewomen" replace workers who were unskilled. This language promoted the idea that nursing was more "woman's work"
Why are men more likely to leave the profession?
Feelings of social isolation, stereotypes about men who choose nursing, nursing instructors' inability to incorporate masculine styles of caring into the curriculum and lack of male role models in the profession
What does nursing advocate for?
Nursing advocates for the rights of all individuals
Where and when did the first school for training practical nurses open?
Brooklyn, NY in 1892 Under the auspices of the Young Women's Christian Association
At The Ballard School what course did they provide?
A course that lasted 3 months and trained students to care for invalids, children, the chronically ill, and the elderly. Main emphasis was on home care and included cooking, nutrition, basic science, and basic nursing procedures Graduates were referred to as attendant nurses
What opened in 1907 and where?
The Thompson Practical Nursing School in Battleboro, Vermont accredited by NLN
In 1918 what opened in Boston?
The Household Nursing Association School of Attendant Nursing Changed to The Shepard-Gill School of Practical Nursing
What was founded in1941?
The Association of Practical Nurse Schools
What type of membership did the Association of Practical Nurse School have?
Multidisciplinary: licensed practical nurses, registered nurses, physicians, hospital and nursing home administrators, students, and public figures
In 1992 The Association of Practical Nurse School changed their name to what?
National Association for Practical Nurse Education and Service (NAPNES)
What was founded in 1949 and by who?
The National Federation of Licensed Practical Nurses (NFLPN) Founded by Lillian Kuster
Working together, NAPNES and NFLPN did what?
They set standards for practical and vocational nursing practice, promote and protect the interests of LPN/LVNs and educate and inform the general public about practical and vocational nursing
What did the NLN establish?
The Department of Practical Nursing Programs and developed an accreditation service for these programs, which is now called the Council of Practical Nursing Programs
Why is accreditation important?
It's important for when programs seek federal funding
Explain the 1 plus 1 / 2 plus 2 program
An LPN/LVN may receive as much as 50% credit toward the associate degree; the associate degree prepared registered nurse may receive as much as 50% credit toward the BSN degree
Prior to 1860 who was nursing care provided by in the US
People who self taught and who gained what knowledge they could through experience
What act was passed in 1917?
The Smith-Hughes Act was passed to provide vocational and public education