CH. 12 Vital Signs
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CH. 12 Vital Signs - Marcador
CH. 12 Vital Signs - Detalles
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| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Apical pulse | Heartbeat as measured with the bell or disk of the stethoscope placed over the apex of heart; represents the actual beating of the heart |
| Auscultate | To listen for sounds within the body to evaluate the condition of the heart, lungs, pleura, intestines, or other organs or to detect fatal heart sounds |
| Blood pressure | Pressure exerted by the circulating volume of the blood on the arterial walls, veins, & the chambers of the heart |
| Bradycardia | Slow cardiac rhythm characterized by a pulse rate <60 beats/min |
| Bradypnea | A slow respiratory rate of <12 breaths/ minute |
| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | An abnormal pattern of respiration characterized by alternating periods of apnea(repeatedly stops & starts) & deep, rapid breathing |
| Diastolic pressure | Second number recorded in the blood pressure reading; represents the minimum level of blood pressure measured between the contractions of the heart |
| Dyspnea | Shortness of breath or difficulty in breathing; may be caused by disturbance in the lungs, certain heart conditions, & hemoglobin deficiency |
| Dysrhythmia | Any disturbance or abnormality in a normal rhythmic pattern, specifically irregularity in the normal rhythm of the heart |
| Febrile | Body temperature above normal |
| Hypertension | Occurs when the elevated blood pressure is above normal |
| Hyperthermia | Condition of abnormally high body temperature |
| Hypotension | Occurs when the blood pressure is below normal |
| Hypothermia | Condition of abnormally low body temperature |
| Korotkoff sounds | Sounds heard while measuring blood pressure when sphygmomanometer & stethoscope |
| Orthostatic hypotension | A drop of 25 mm Hg in systolic pressure and a drop of 10 mm Hg in diastolic pressure when moving from a lying to sitting position |
| Oxygen saturation | Measurement of how much oxygen has combined with hemoglobin in the red blood cells |
| Pulse | A rhythmic beating or vibrating movement; regular recurrent expansion and contraction of an artery produces by waves of pressure caused by the ejection of blood from the left ventricle of the heart as it contracts |
| Pulse deficit | A condition that exists when the radial pulse rate is less than the ventricular rate as auscultated at the apex of the heart |
| Pulse oximeter | Device used to measure oxygen saturation |
| Pulse pressure | Difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, usually 30 to 40 mm Hg |
| Respirations | The taking in of oxygen, its use in the tissues, and the giving off carbon oxide; the act of breathing inhaling and exhaling |
| Systolic | The number or reading that represents ventricles contracting, forcing the blood into the aorta and pulmonary arteries |
| Tachycardia | An abnormal condition in which the myocardium contracts regularly but at rate greater than 100 beats/minute |
| Tachypnea | An abnormal rapid rate of breathing |
| Vital signs | Measurement of temperature, pulse, respiration, and blood pressure |
| Normal temperature | 97 to 99.6 fahrenheit |
| Oral temperature | 98.6 |
| Core temperature | Temperature of the deep tissues of the body |
| Surface temperature | Temperature of the skin |
| Body temperature falls into 2 categories: | Core temperature and surface temperature |
| Factors that affect body temperature | Age, exercise, hormonal influences, diurnal (daily) variations, stress, environment, smoking, ingestion of food and hot and cold liquids |
| Fever temperature | > 100.4 indicated infection or an illness |
| Constant | Fevers remain elevated consistently and fluctuate very little |
| Intermittent | Fever rise and fall, temperature normal in the morning and in the afternoon elevated |
| Remittent | Fever rise and fall does not return to normal until patient is well |
| Factors that influence pulse rates | Acute pain, anxiety, age, exercise, fever, heat, hemorrhage, medications, metabolism, postural changes, pulmonary conditions, chronic pain, dehydration, fluid volume excess |
| Major pulses site | Temporal, carotid, brachial, radial, apical, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, and dorsalis pedis |
| Normal pulse range | 60-100 beats/minute |
| External respiration | Breathing movements that are observable |
| Cycle of external respiration: | Inspiration and expiration |
| Inspiration | Inhaling air with oxygen into the lungs |
| Expiration | Exhaling air with carbon dioxide out of the lungs |
| Normal respiration range | 12-20 respirations per minute |
| Normal oxygen saturation | 95% to 100% |