Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity Ch10
Biopsychology
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Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity Ch10 - Marcador
Brain Damage and Neuroplasticity Ch10 - Detalles
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A mass of cells that grows independently of the rest of the body | Tumor (neoplasm) |
Tumors that grow within their own membrane; can only influence the function of the brain by the pressure exerted on surrounding tissue | Encapsulated tumors |
Tumors that grow diffusely through surrounding tissues | Infiltrating tumors |
Tumors that are difficult to remove or destroy and any remaining tumor tissue missed continues to grow | Malignant tumors |
Tumors that didn't originate in the brain but have grown from infiltrating cells and been carried to the brain via bloodstream | Metastatic tumors |
A dysfunctional area surrounding the infarct (The area of dead or dying tissue produced by a stroke) | Penumbra |
Bleeding in the brain that occurs when a cerebreal blood vessel ruptures and blood seeps into the surrounding neural tissue damaging it | Cerebral hemorrhage |
Present at birth | Congenital |
A disruption of the blood supply to an area of the brain. can be caused by thrombosis, embolism and arteriosclerosis | Cerebral ischemia |
The dementia and cerebral scarring observed individuals who have experienced repeated concussive,or even subconcussive, blows to the head | Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) |
Chronic mental illness produced by a neurotoxin | Toxic psychosis |
Produced by the patients own body | Endogenous |
Active cell death | Apoptosis |
Motor seizures | Conculsions |
Tremors | Clonus |
Rigidity | Tonus |
Peculiar psychological changes just before a seizure | Epileptic auras |
The EEG of an absence seizure which is different from that of other seizures;it is a bilaterally symmetrical | 3-per-second spike-and-wave discharge |
The midbrain nucleus whose neurons project via the nigrostriatal pathway to the striatum of the basal ganglia | Substantia nigra |
A bilateral dopaminergic pathway in the brain that connects the substantia nigra in the midbrain with the dorsal striatum in the forebrain. | Nigrostriatal pathway |
The chemical from which the body synthesizes dopamine; becomes less effective with continued use | L-dopa |
A treatment in which low-intensity electrical stimulation is continually applied to an area of the brain through a stereotaxically implanted electrode | Deep brain stimulation |
Nucleus that lies just beneath the thalamus and is connected to the basal ganglia: stimulated in Parkinson's patients as a treatment | Subthalamic nucleus |
The protein the huntingtin gene is coded for | Huntingtin protein |
A progressive disease that attacks the myelin of axons in the CNS. Eventually damage to the myelin is so severe that the associated axons become dysfunctional and degenerate | Multiple sclerosis (MS) |
Are threadlike tangles of protein in the neural cytoplasm. One of three defining characteristics of Alzhemer's disease | Neurofibrillary tangles |
The development, or genesis, of epilepsy | Epileptogenesis |
The degeneration of the distal segment which occurs quickly following axotomy because the cut separates the distal segment of the axon from the cell body | Anterograde degeneration |
The degeneration of the proximal segment which progresses gradually back from the cut to the cell body | Retrograde degeneration |
The segment of a cut axon from the cut back to the cell body. | Proximal segment |
When degeneration spreads from damaged neurons to neurons that are linked to them by synapses | Transneuronal degeneration |
The regrowth of damaged neurons; is virtually non-existant in CNS and hit or miss in PNS | Neural regeneration |
The process when an axon degenerates and axon branches grow out from adjacent healthy axons and synapse at the sites vacated by the degenerating axon | Collateral sprouting |
Environments designed to promote cognitive and physical activity | Enriched environments |