Biomaterials Exam 1
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Biomaterials Exam 1 - Marcador
Biomaterials Exam 1 - Detalles
Niveles:
Preguntas:
64 preguntas
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| Inorganic, non-metallic compounds; high melting point, chemical resistance, brittle, high strength, high modulus, wear resistance | Ceramics and name 3 properties |
| Crystalline, Glass, and Glass-ceramic | Main types of Ceramics |
| BCC, FCC, Hexagnal | Most common crystalline structures |
| Inert, non-allergic, long life time, temp. resistance, non-carcinogenic Alumina, Zirconia, Calcium Phosphates (HAP) | Desired properties of Implantable Bio-ceramics (name 3) and examples |
| Wear resistance, long life time, mostly used in dental implants | Alumina properties |
| Relatively flexible, tough, low modulus, strong (stress shielding) | Zirconia properties |
| Good mechanical properties, osteoinductive | HAP (Hydroxyapatite) properties |
| Slurry of ceramic material, to stabilize fractures, injected with low exothermic reaction during hardening and sets at the appropriate time | Bone Cements (what, why, how?) |
| Implantable solid particles that can be resorbed and stabilize a fracture example: JAX or Osteoset | Bone Void Fillers are? |
| Form apatite layer and is good as a bone filler | Bioactive Glass can? |
| Semi-crystalline, devitrification (resistant to thermal shock, increased toughness) | Glass-Ceramics properties |
| Abrasion- harder surface dents softer Adhesion- soft surface smears on harder Fatigue- repeated alternate loading (cyclic) | Mechanisms of wear |
| Wear resistance, patient comfort, longevity, corrosive resistant, carry the load (cyclic and monotonic) | Implant Requirements |
| Pros: ductile, tough cons: can have nickel allergies, limited wear resistance, limited strength | Stainless Steel pros and cons |
| Pros: strength, ductility, toughness, corrosion resistance cons: not very wear resistance, can have nickel allergies | Cobalt-chromium alloys pros and cons |
| Pros: passivating layer, ductile, strong cons: higher chance of stress shielding | Titanium alloys pros and cons |
| Meltable plastics, can recyclable | Thermoplastic |
| Stretch, but return | Elastomers |
| Unsaturated-double or triple bond between carbons saturated- all bonds are single | Hydrocarbon molecules |
| Monomers come together w/ water or hydrochloric acid | Condensation Polymerization |
| 1. random 2. alternating 3. block 4. graft | Types of copolymers |
| 1. linear 2. branched 3. cross-linked 4. network | The polymer arrangements |
| Different conformations through rotation of valance bonds Isotactic, Syndiotactic, Atactic | Tacticity and types |
| Glass transition temperature, when above polymer becomes hard like glass when below they are more elastic and flow | Glass Transition |
| Fillers Plasticizers (make flexible and ductile) Stabilizers (protect against UV or oxidation) Colorants and Flame retardants | Types of Polymer processing |
| 1.Compression molding 2.Injection molding 3.Extrusion (good for rods) 4.Blow molding (good for hollows) | Fabrication of Polymers |
| Hydrolysis - cleavage of molecules, most common way Enzymatic - catalyzed by enzymes | Mechanisms of Degradation |
| Polymers that change in presence of a stimulus Ex: pH, temperature, etc. Types of changes: phase, shape, degrade, etc. | Smart Polymers |
| 1. Fiber 2. Particle 3. Laminar (layers) 4. Flake 5. Filled (porous filled with matrix) | Composite Organization |
| Concentration, size, shape, orientation, distribution | Considerations |
| Materials come apart, no more adhesion between layers, try to keep layers perpendicular to cracks | Delamination |
| Tortuosity, reinforced sections stop failing | Crack Deflection |
| Crack would need to use a long of energy to continue (unfavorable) | Reinforcement cracking |
| Dental composites: better looks, mechanical properties, particle organization, crack deflection | Alumina- Glass |
| Self-nuetralizing | PPHOS-PLGA |