biology 9
🇬🇧
In Inglés
In Inglés
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biology 9 - Marcador
biology 9 - Detalles
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36 preguntas
| 🇬🇧 | 🇬🇧 |
| Enzymes | Allow chemical reactions to happen in the body quickly |
| Hormones | Act as messengers to tell other cells what to do (glucose/insulin) |
| All cells contain | DNA genes and stem cells |
| Multiple cells make | Tissue |
| Lots of tissue makes | Organs |
| MRNA | Carries a copy of the DNA gene to the ribosome |
| TRNA | Carries amino acid to the ribosome |
| Mutation | Any change in the sequence of DNA of an individual organism |
| Mutagen | Any substance or factor that can cause mutations |
| What substances cause mutations | Radiation and chemicals |
| What are the three types of mutations | Addition, deletion, substitution |
| What is deletion | When a base pair is missing from the sequence |
| What is addition | When one or more base pairs are added to the DNA |
| What is substitution | When a base pairs spot changes with another base pair |
| What are the possible effects of mutation | Positive, negative, neutral |
| Postive mutation | Beneficial to the individual |
| Negative mutation | Harmful to individual |
| Neutral mutation | No effect of the individual |
| What are chromosomes | One strand of DNA tightly packed together |
| DNA | Double helix, blueprint for all cells |
| Genes | One side of a DNA strand contains instructions to make specific proteins |
| What is a base | Either Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine |
| What bases go together | A and T / G and C |
| What is a nucleotide | Base, phosphate molecule and sugar molecule |
| What is the base attached to | Sugar molecule |
| Step 1 | Nucleus receives chemical signal to make specific protien |
| Step 2 | DNA message for small protein copied and turned into RNA |
| Step 3 | RNA leaves through nuclear pore |
| Step 4 | RNA message delivered to ribosome / protein made |
| Step 5 | The made protein enters the E.R |
| Step 6 | Vesicle carries protein to Golgi body |
| Step 7 | The Golgi body packages protein for transport out of cell |
| Step 8 | Vesicle carries protein to cell membrane |
| Step 9 | Protein released from cell |
| Gene therapy | Replace mutated part with healthy DNA (may effect patience immune system) |