Architectural History - Lecture 01 - Prehistoric
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Architectural History - Lecture 01 - Prehistoric - Marcador
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| Leantos | - Built against one cave wall - Based by stone - Animal skins curtain draped over wooden posts |
| Molodova Hut | - more developed form - oval form made from Mammoth bones and tree leaves as foundation also covered with animal skins |
| Paleolithic Age | - Old Stone Age - 2 million years ago |
| The Tongus Hut | Temporary Shelter |
| Tents | - Wooden posts driven into earth covered with skins - More secure than leantos - The area was more flexible - More developed and paved interiors |
| Primitive Needs for Existence | - Food - Water - Shelter - Good Climate |
| Nomadic Hunters and Food Gatherers | - No Permenant Shelter |
| Food Supply | - Hunting: Men - Fishing - Food Gathering: Woman |
| Hunting Weapons | - Rocks and Stones (Axes and Spears) |
| Cave Paintings | - When fire was discovered - Representation of Art and Documentation during the paleolithic Age |
| Dwelling Materials | Wood & Stone |
| Permanent Paleolithic Shelters | - Caves - |
| Temporary Paleolithic Shelters | - Huts - Leantos - Tents |
| Caves | - Natural Dwelling - Most Common Type - Usually an Underground space enough for a human - Most primitive type of habitat and it was found in different spots around the globe. - Examples: Rock Shelters , Grottos, Sea Caves |
| Lascaux Cave (France) | - Permanent shelter discovered in 1940 - Used by several generation of people - Entered through one entry to a large hall then branches out into other spaces - Interior has elaborate paintings of animals and hunting scenes |
| Temporary Shelter Materials | Wooden logs, branches , leaves and animal skins |
| Temporary Shelter Construction | Digging holes, tying tree branches and covering them with animal skins to make a shelter. |
| Huts | - Oval and Round shaped structure - Built with hay stakes with stones as supporters - Posts are used to support the main structure - Floor was furnished with animal skins - Often built near the sea shore. |
| Hut at Terra Amata (France) | Temporary Shelter |
| Bambuti Hut | Temporary Shelter |
| Mesolithic Age | - Middle Stone Age - 20000 BC –9500 BC |
| More Settled and Developed Hunters | - Semi-permanent human settlements started to develop around water sources (Villages ) - Agriculture was discovered , also farming tools started to be developed. - Animals started to be domesticated - Fishing was developing and Fishing nets were discovered. - Hunting tools started to be more well designed to ease the process of hunting. |
| Construction Material | Structure was mostly made of plants (ex: Bamboo) |
| Houses and Dwellings | - Houses started to align in rows with more regular plans - Dwellings became more durable to suite the human needs more than the Paleolithic period. |
| Huts | - Huts were trapezoidal in form with different variety of sizes from (5.5m to 30m) , the main posts supporting the building was reinforced with stones. - Built near the water supply |
| Neolithic | - New Stone Age - 9000 BC –3000 BC |
| New Stone Age | - People stopped wandering and settled down in permanent settlements due Agriculture development - Basic of Social Organization is introduced - Skills were developed, marking start of civilization - Villages were established and grew, protected by walls - Learnt to domesticate animals, farm and grow crops, make pottery and weave cloth |
| New Stone Age | - Tendencies to understand the forces of nature the both nourished and destroys. - Started to understand the weather cycles, planets motion. - Gradually introduced the idea of religion - Confusion about death and life after death led to introduction of tombs - Commonly connected with the development of agriculture |
| Neolithic Houses | Built with square or rectangular plans with sections divided with animal skins ( rooms) |