Applications of Grammar / Book 2: Unit 10 and Glossary
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Applications of Grammar / Book 2: Unit 10 and Glossary - Detalles
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| Active voice | The form of the verb showing that the subject is the doer of the action |
| Adjective clause | A dependent clause used to modify a noun or pronoun |
| Adverbial clause | A dependent clause that modifies a verb, adjective, or adverb |
| Antecedent | The substantive to which a pronoun refers |
| Antonyms | Pairs of words that have opposite meanings |
| Appositive | A noun or noun clause added to another noun or pronoun to further identify or explain it. The appositive signifies the same thing as the noun or pronoun it seeks to identify or explain. |
| Auxiliary verb | -Also known as the helping verb -Helps another verb in forming voices, tenses, and other grammatical ideas -Some examples: be, have, do, can, would, may, might, shall |
| Case | The forms that nouns or pronouns have, nominative, objective, and possessive, signifying their relationship to other words in a sentence. |
| Complex sentence | A sentence consisting of one independent clause, and one or more dependent clauses. |
| Compound sentence | A sentence consisting of two or more independent clauses. |
| Compound-complex sentence | A sentence consisting of two or more independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. |
| Demonstrative Pronoun | A pronoun pointing to, pointing out, identifying, or calling attention to: this, that, these, those, such. |
| Future Perfect Tense | The time of a verb’s action beginning in the present and reaching completion sometime in the future |
| Future Tense | The time of a verb expressing action or state of being after the present time |
| First point for good composition | Appropriateness in writing |
| Second point for good composition | Write with Concreteness |
| Third point for good composition | Write with conciseness |
| Fourth point for good composition | Write with brightness |
| Fifth point for good composition | Proper word arrangement |
| Sixth point for good composition | Shifts in point of view |
| Classified as either formal or informal | Appropriateness in writing |
| -Has a conversational tone -Use of contractions is more common | Informal writing |
| Dramatize | It is more effective to DRAMATIZE ideas than it is to make general statements about them. |
| Conciseness | The solution the the fault of “ wordiness” |
| Avoid useless repetition of the same word or phrase. | How to be Concise (Rule 10.3) |
| Avoid useless repetition of words with the same meaning. | How to be Concise (Rule 10.4) |
| Avoid useless repetition of the word “that” before an interrupted noun clause. | How to be Concise (Rule 10.5) |
| Avoid roundabout expressions | How to be Concise (Rule 10.6) |
| Avoid the excessive use of intensifiers and other modifiers. | How to be Concise (Rule 10.7) |
| Avoid the use of “officialese”--that official-sounding language which is almost always wordy. | How to be Concise (Rule 10.8) |
| Avoid “purple prose”--flowery, artificial, overly colourful writing. | How to be Concise (Rule 10.9) |
| Use specific rather than general nouns. | Write with Brightness--Rule 10.10 |
| Use picturesque adjectives and adverbs instead of commonplace ones. | Write with Brightness--Rule 10.11 |
| Use descriptive, active verbs instead of colourless, dead ones. | Write with Brightness--Rule 10.13 |
| Use figurative language to brighten your style. | Write with Brightness--Rule 10.14 |
| The giving of human characteristics to inanimate objects | Personification |
| Proper Word Arrangement: Adverb Placement -- Rule 10.14 | Place adverbs logically in formal writing. |
| Proper Word Arrangement: Phrase Placement -- Rule 10.15 | Avoid confusing placement of phrases. |
| Proper Word Arrangement: Phrase Placement -- Rule 10.16 | Avoid “dangling” and misplaced modifiers. |
| Proper Word Arrangement: Infinitive Phrases -- Rule 10.17 | In most cases keep the infinitive phrase together. “Split” an infinitive only to avoid awkwardness or ambiguity. |
| Proper Word Arrangement: Clarity vs. Confusion -- Rule 10.18 | Avoid any unnecessary or awkward interruption of words that naturally belong together in a sentence. |
| Proper Word Arrangement: Clarity vs. Confusion -- Rule 10.19 | Avoid the misplacement of any phrase, appositive, or expression that might make the sentence misleading, awkward, or confusing. |