-Sagittal(runs vertically seperates body in left and right) -Mid Sagittal(runs down the middle,divides body into equal left and right) -Transverse(runs horizontally,separates top ang bottom) -Frontal(runs vertically,separates anterior and posterior)

BODY CAVITIES

-Thoracic Cavity -Mediastinum -Abdominal Cavity -Pelvic Cavity -Pericardial Cavity -Pleural Cavity -Peritoneal Cavity

• Thoracic cavity

: heart, lungs, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea

• Mediastinum

: divides thoracic cavity into left and right

• Abdominal cavity

: stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys

• Pelvic cavity

: urinary bladder, reproductive organs, part of large intestine

• Pericardial cavity

: around heart

• Pleural cavity

: around lungs

• Peritoneal cavity

: around abdominopelvic cavity

What are the 2 Membranes?

-Mesentery -Serous Membrane

It cover organs and line cavity walls.

-Serous Membrane

Double-layered membrane that covers organs and anchors them to body wall

-Mesentery

2 types of Serous Membrane and its function

-Visceral Membrane(covers organ) -Parietal Membrane(lines cavity wall)

Is the scientific discipline concerned with the anatomic composition and structure of substances and the reactions they undergo.

CHEMISTRY

• Composition of all living and nonliving things • Occupies space and has mass

MATTER

• Simplest type of matter having unique chemical properties • Some are only present in only trace amounts but are still essential for life.

ELEMENT

What is the Smallest particle of an element?

ATOM

What are the 3 atomic structure?

Proton Electron Neutron

It occurs when outermost electrons are transferred or shared between atoms

CHEMICAL BONDING

• formed when an atom loses or gains electrons (protons & electrons are no longer equal) • charged particles

IONS

What are the different types of bonding?

Ionic bonding Covalent Bonding Polar Covalent Bonds Non polar Covalent bonding

It is the attraction between two oppositely charged ions . e.g. Na+ + Cl- = NaCl (table salt)

IONIC BONDING

• atoms share one or more pairs of electrons • Ex. Hydrogen molecule o Single Covalent bond (H-H) o Double Covalent bond (O=C=O)

COVALENT BONDING

• equal sharing of electrons

NON POLAR COVALENT BONDING

• unequal sharing of electrons o Ex. Water (H2O)

POLAR COVALENT BONDING

• molecules with asymmetrical electrical charge • have a positive “end” and a negative “end”

POLAR MOLECULES

• molecules with asymmetrical electrical charge • have a positive “end” and a negative “end”

POLAR MOLECULES

• symmetrical electrical charge • forms when positive end of one polar molecule is weakly attracted to negative end of another polar molecule • Weaker bond than ionic or covalent

NON POLAR MOLECULES

• When ionic compounds dissolve in water because the (+/-) charged ions are attracted to the (-/+) ends of the water molecules

DISSOCIATION

It is the term used for dissociated ions; have the capability to conduct electrical current It is also called when the salt dissolves in water.

ELECTROLYTES

This is not a chemical bonds because electrons are not transferred or shared between the atoms of the different polar molecules. The positive end of the one polar molecule can be weakly attracted to the negative end of another polar molecule, this attraction is called.

HYDROGEN BONDS

• Formed when two or more atoms chemically combine to form a structure that behaves as an independent unit. • e.g. water (H2O)

MOLECULES

• A substance from the chemical combination of two or more different types of atoms • e.g. NaCl

COMPOUNDS

It is the formation or breaking of chemical bonds

Chemical Reaction

It is the substances put into the reaction

Reactants

It is the end result of the reaction

Products

• 2 or more reactants combine to form a larger or more complex product • Energy-requiring • Represented as: A + B → AB • Collective term for all ______________ that occur in the body. • E.g.: growth and repair in the body

Synthesis Reaction

All of the synthesis reactions (building blocks) that occur in the body are colectively referred to as _______.

Anabolism/Anabolic Reaction

It is also the process to build two or more molecules when water is also a product.

Dehydration(water-out) Reaction

• reactants are broken down into smaller and less complex products • Represented as: AB → A + B • Collective term for all ___________ that occur in the body. • E.g.: digestion of food molecules in the intestine and within the cells, breakdown of fat stores, etc.

Decomposirtion Reactions

The decomposition reactions (Destructive Blocks) that occur in the body are collectively called ___________.

Catabolism/Catabolic Reaction

It is the reaction when water uses in the process to separate or break molecules.

Hydrolysis (water-breakdown) Reaction

All of the anabolic and catabolic reactions in the body are collectively defined as ________.

Metabolism

• Combination of a decomposition reaction and a synthesis reaction. • Represented as: AB + CD → AC + BD • Proteins that speed up reactions

Exchange Reactions

• Chemical reaction that can proceed from reactants to products and vice versa • Rate of product formation is equal to the rate of reactant formation • Reaction is said to be in an EQUILIBRIUM.

Reversible Reactions

It is the Ability to do work

ENERGY

Energy in motion

KINETIC ENERGY

It is the energy stored in chemical

CHEMICAL ENERGY

It is the stored energy

POTENTIAL ENERGY

Sugar found in food; used to make ATP (energy)

GLUCOSE

Stored glucose; stored in liver, skeletal muscle, and fat

GLYCOGEN

Energy resulting from the position or movement of objects.

MECHANICAL ENERGY

What affects Chemical Reactions?

1.Reactants 2.Concentration 3.Temperature 4.Catalysts

• donate H+ (proton) • pH below 7 • Ex. HCl (hydrochloric acid)

ACIDS

• accept H+ (proton) • pH above 7 • considered alkaline • Ex. NaOH (sodium hydroxide)

BASES

Device that measures the H+ concentration of a solution.

PH scale

What is the pH of a neutral solution?

7.0

If the human blood pH drops in its normal range,what is this condition called?

ACIDOSIS

If human blood pH rises in its normal range,what it results?

ALKALOSIS

• compound consisting of a positive ion other than H+ and a negative ion other than OH- • formed by the reaction of acids and base • E.g. HCl + NaOH → NaCl + H2O

SALTS

• Chemical that resists changes in pH when either an acid or a base is added to a solution containing the ___.

BUFFERS

• Substances that do not contain carbon Oxygen (O2) Water (H2O) - Stabilizing body temperature - Providing protection - Facilitating chemical reactions - Transporting substances Exception: Carbon dioxide (CO2)

INORGANIC MOLECULES

• Carbon-containing molecules • Major groups: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acid

ORGANIC MOLECULES

It is the most abundant inorganic compound in the body.

WATER

•It Contain C, H, O atoms • H:O is a 2:1 ratio • Ex. C6H12O6(chemical formula of glucose)

CARBOHYDRATES

It is considered the building blocks of carbohydrates. o simple sugar (1 sugar) oEx. Glucose and fructose

Monosaccharides

O 2 sugars o Ex. Glucose + fructose = sucrose oEx. Glucose + galactose=lactose

Disaccharides

O many sugars o Ex. Starch,grain,vegetables,glycogen,etc.

Polysaccharides

What are the functions of CARBOHYDRATES?

• Short-term energy storage • Converted to glucose quickly • Glucose is used to make ATP (energy) • Brain cells require glucose

It regulates chemical reactions(enzymes),serves as structural components,and cause muscle contraction.

PROTEINS

Anaphy & Physiology

Practique preguntas conocidas

Exámenes

Aprenda nuevas preguntas

Anaphy & Physiology - Marcador

Anaphy & Physiology - Detalles

Niveles:

Preguntas: