Buscar
Estás en modo de exploración. debe iniciar sesión para usar MEMORY

   Inicia sesión para empezar

level: Level 5

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 5

QuestionAnswer
a source of non systematic deviation of an observed treatment effect or other outcomes from a true one comes from chance variation in the sample of data collected n the study (example: sampling error) can be reduced but not eliminated unlike biasedRandom Error
the extent to which outcome is free from random error usually inversely related to random errorprecision
Ways to reduce random errors1 Establishing Large Sample Sizes 2 Setting Significance Levels (Alpha Levels) 3 Confidence Intervals 4 Increasing Observations per Patient 5 Consider Treatment Effect Magnitude 6 Improving the precision of the measurement instrument
depicts the RANGE OF UNCERTAINTY about the estimates of a treatment effect; is usually calculated from the observed differences in the outcomes of the treatment and controlled groups and also the sample size of the studyconfidence intervals
Instruments for Assessing Quality of Individual Studies• Jadad Scale • Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool for RCT • Criteria and ratings (USPSTF) • PICOS framework
(Instruments for Assessing Quality of Individual Studies) for assessing internal and external validity of RCTs and cohort studies and of diagnostic accuracy studies used by the US Preventive Services Task ForceCriteria and ratings (USPSTF)
(Instruments for Assessing Quality of Individual Studies) to organize characteristics that can affect the external validity of individual studies, which are used as criteria for evaluating study quality for internal validityPICOS framework
best used to validate the internal validity but are not the best study design for answering all the evidence questions of the potential relevance of HTARandomized Controlled Trial (RCT)