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level: Level 1 of FINALS-1-Drug Distribution System.pptx

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Level 1 of FINALS-1-Drug Distribution System.pptx

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?a system that has its purpose in the selection, acquisition (from the manufacturer), control storage, dispensing, delivery, preparation and administration of drug products in health care institutions in response to the order of an authorized prescriber (state its synonyms also)DRUG DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM synonyms: Medication Distribution System Drug Management System Drug Delivery System
The act of a pharmacist in supplying one or more drug products to a patient, usually in response to an order form an authorized prescriber, utilizing his professional knowledge, judgement, and skills to assess the patient and the drug and then plan, develop, control and monitor the maintenance and delivery of the drug along with the information needed for its proper storage and administrationDISPENSING
a physical quantity of a drug product ordered by a prescriber to be administered to a specified patient at one time, in ready-to-administer form with no further physical or chemical alterations requiredUNIT DOSE
1 a package containing one dose 2 a package which contains one discrete pharmaceutical dosage form e.g. one tablet, one 5 mL volume of liquid1 UNIT DOSE PACKAGE 2 SINGE UNIT PACKAGE
STEPS IN DRUG DISTRIBUTIONAT THE MANUFACTURER: 1. Order processing 2. Production and filling 3. Shipping AT THE PHARMACY: 4. Ordering/Receiving 5. Storing 6. Preparation for dispensing (compounding, measuring, packaging ,labelling) 7. Dispensing 8. Transportation to the Nursing Unit ON THE NURSING UNIT 9. Order/Receiving 10. Storing 11. Preparation for administration 12. Administration to the patient
Within the hospital, these steps IN DRUG DISTRIBUTION constitute the hospital drug distribution systemStep 4 to 12
METHODS USED IN TRANSMITTING PHYSICIAN’S MEDICATION ORDER TO THE PHARMACY1 The physician writes the medication order 2 The medical record has a duplicate copy 3 The physician’s order is transcribed by the nurse into an inpatient prescription or requisition form. 4 The order is transmitted to the pharmacy by the physician (in computer terminal)
TYPES OF DRUG DISTRIBUTION1. Individual prescription for each patient 2. A complete Floor Stock System 3. A combination of 1 and 2 4. Unit dose dispensing either centralized in the pharmacy or decentralized at the nursing unit level. 5. A pharmacy coordinated unit-dose dispensing and drug administration system if i combine two unit dose pharmacy unit dose
Drug distribution system in which medications are dispensed by a pharmacist on receipt of individual medication orders ? This system is generally used by the small and/or private hospitals because of the reduced manpower requirements and the desirability for individualized service (give also the advantage & disadv of this)INDIVIDUAL PRESCRIPTION ORDER SYSTEM ADVANTAGES: 1. medication orders directly reviewed by the pharmacist 2. Provides for the interaction of pharmacist, doctor, nurse and patient 3. Provides closer control of inventory DISADVANTAGES: 1 delay in obtaining medication 2 Increase cost
drug distribution system in which drug supplies are STOCKED ON NURSING UNITS ? RARELY USED or PARTICULARLY EXPENSIVE DRUGS ARE OMITTED FROM FLOOR STOCK but are dispensed upon the receipt of a prescription or medication order for the individual patient Although this system is USED MOST OFTEN IN GOVERNMENTAL AND OTHER HOSPITALS IN WHICH CHARGES ARE NOT MADE TO THE PATIENT or when the all inclusive rate is used for charging, it does have APPLICABILITY TO THE GENERAL HOSPITAL (give also the advantage & disadv of this)FLOOR STOCK SYSTEM adv: 1. Ready availability of the required drugs 2. Elimination of drug returns 3. Reduction in number of drug order transcriptions for the pharmacy 4. Reduction in the number of pharmacy personnel required disadv: 1 Medication errors may increase 2 Increase drug inventory 3 Greater opportunity for pilferage 4 Increased hazards w/ drug deterioration 5 Lack of proper storage facilities 6 Greater inroads are made upon the nurses’ time
DRUGS ON THE NURSING UNIT MAY BE DIVIDED INTO:1 CHARGE FLOOR STOCK DRUGS 2 NON-CHARGE FLOOR STOCK DRUGS
May be defined as those medications that are stocked on the nursing station at all times and are CHARGED TO THE PATIENT’S ACCOUNT, after they have been administered to himCHARGE FLOOR STOCK DRUGS
represents that group of medications that are placed at the nursing station for the use of all patient on the ward and for which there may be NO DIRECT CHARGE TO THE PATIENT’S ACCOUNT ? The cost of these group of drugs is usually calculated in the PER DIEM COST of the hospital roomNON-CHARGE FLOOR STOCK DRUGS
In this system, drugs which are free floor stock are charged against the nursing service and, in the final analysis, the patient does pay for the drugs since the COST IS INCLUDED AS A PART OF THE NURSING SERVICE portion of the daily room and board rateCOMBINATION OF INDIVIDUAL DRUG ORDER AND FLOOR STOCK SYSTEMS
The unit dose drug distribution is a pharmacy coordinated system of dispensing and controlling medications in health care institutions MEDICATIONS ARE CONTAINED IN SINGLE-UNIT PACKAGES and are dispensed in ready-to-administer form as possible For most medications, NOT MORE THAN A 24-HOUR SUPPLY OF DOSES IS DELIVERED or available at the patient care area at any time A MEDICATION PROFILE IS MAINTAINED for EACH PATIENT (give also the advantage of this)UNIT-DOSE DISPENSING SYSTEM ADVANTAGES: 1 Patients receive improved pharmaceutical service 24 hours a day 2 All doses of medications required a the nursing station are prepared by the pharmacy thus allowing the nurse more time for direct patient care. 3 Allows the pharmacist to interpret physician’s original order (less medication errors) 4 Eliminates excessive duplication of orders 5 Eliminates credit 6 Transfers IV preparation and dry reconstitution procedures to the pharmacy 7 Promotes more efficient utilization of professional and non-professional personnel 8 Reduces revenue losses 9 Conserves space in nursing units 10 Eliminates pilferage 11 Extends pharmacy coverage and control 12 Pharmacist can get out of wards (consultants)
The Unit Dose Dispensing may be introduced into the hospital in either of two ways:1 Centralized Unit Dose Distribution System (CUDD) 2 Decentralized Unit Dose Drug Distribution (DUDD)
All DRUGS are STORED IN A CENTRAL AREA PHARMACY and dispensed at the time the dose is due to be given to the patientCentralized Unit Dose Distribution System (CUDD)
Sub-pharmacies that receive their supplies from the main pharmacy but have the ADVANTAGE OF BEING ABLE TO RESPOND TO THE CLINICAL NEEDS OF THE PATIENT ON A CURRENT BASIS ? In addition, such A SYSTEM MAKES AVAILABLE TO THE PATIENT, PHYSICIAN AND NURSE THE SERVICES OF A PHARMACIST IN A CLINICAL CAPACITY RATHER THAN A DISPENSER OF MEDICATIONS.Decentralized Unit Dose Drug Distribution (DUDD)
This system differs from the others in that pharmacy TECHNICIANS have been trained to ADMINISTER THE DRUGS instead of registered nurses. These PHARMACY TECHNICIANS ASSIST in the unit-dose dispensing phase as well as the drug administration phase of the coordinated system which is directly controlled and supervised by registered pharmacists. PHARMACISTS WORK DIRECTLY WITH PHYSICIANS ON THE NURSING UNIT to carry out pharmacy’s mainstream function of the safe and appropriate use of drugs in patients. This system REDUCE SIGNIFICANTLY the incidence of MEDICATION ERRORS in comparison with the other drug distribution systems in existence.PHARMACY-COORDINATED UNIT DOSE DISPENSING AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION SYSTEM