Buscar
Estás en modo de exploración. debe iniciar sesión para usar MEMORY

   Inicia sesión para empezar

level: Cultural bias

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Cultural bias

QuestionAnswer
What is cultural bias?The tendency to judge all people in terms of favour own cultural expectations
What is ethnocentrism?Judging other cultures by the standards/values of your own. Extreme of this could be believing your own culture is superior (leads to prejudice/discrimination)
What is cultural relativism?The idea that norms/value can only be understood within a specific cultural and social contexts. Some things may only exist in specific cultures.
What is emic construct?A theory that can be applied to a specific cultural group
What is etic construct?A theory that is assumed to apply to all cultures
What is imposed etic ?Occurs when an emic construct is assumed to be an etic construct.
What is alpha bias?When a study/theory over exaggerates the difference between the cultures (this may enhance or undervalue members of the cultures)
What is beta bias?Ignoring or minisming the differences between cultures
What is universality?When a theory is described as universal, it means that it can apply to all people, irrespective of gender and culture.
A strength of cultural boas?-Conducting cross-cultural research is important in order to challenge implicit assumptions - Understadning that certain concepts or knoweldge we taken for granted may not be sharped by others canhelp to reduce imposed etic and challenges the typical Western way of thinking - Encourages researchers to investgate cultural differences in behaviour and calenge perious claims of 'scientific racism' -Means that future conclusions drawn by psychologist are likely to be more internally and externally valid with more recongnition of important role that cultural plays
A weakness of cultural bias?-Operationalising variables can pose a problem when conducting cross-cultural research -Certain variabes might not be experienced by all ppts the same: eg. China, invasion of personal space in noramlise - in the UK it can come across as threatening -Affect clinical diagnoses too eg: schizophremia being over-diagnosed in African cuturals (talking to your ancesotrs, seen as a positve symptom of SZ) -Factors can make it difficult to study certain phemonomon or theproes across different cultures
A weakness of cultural bias?-Cultural difference becoming increasingly more blurred in moderntimes -Pscyholgoists have often referenced the individualistic-collectivst culture divide, with individualistic cultures favouring independence and collectivist cultures more rooted in interdependence -However 14/15 studies into cultural differences between Japan and USA in a meta-analysis by Takano and Osaka found no evidence of the individualistic-collectivist data -Now with international travel and emigration and multi-culturalism is becoming increasingly more commn, classical view too simplistic
Weakness of cultural bias?-Whilst it is important to consider cultural bias in research, shouldn't be assumed that there is no such thing as a universal behaviour -Research suggest that basic facial expressions for emotions are the same all over the human and animal world -Even though Ainsworth's strange situation and attachment types can be crituiqed for imposed etic, research has shown that some features of attachemtn (imitation and interactional syncrhony) are universal -Understand human behaiovur more fully, we have to appreciate behaviour unique to specific cultures (cultrually relative) and universal behaviour together.