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level: Cladistics and Phylogeny

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Cladistics and Phylogeny

QuestionAnswer
CladePhylogenetic group including all the descendents from a common descendent
Assumptions of Cladistics- Any group of living things are related by a common ancestor - Lineages only bifurcate - Changes occur in every lineage over time
Monophyletic GroupClade including all common descendents of an ancestor
Paraphyletic GroupGroup including some but not all descendents from a common ancestor
Polyphyletic GroupGroup of similar organisms which do not share a directly common ancestor
Phylogenetic TreeDiagram representing the evolutionary steps of a species
Difference between Phylogram and CladogramPhylogenetic tree represents the relation of different organisms relative to evolutionary time along with the amount of variations occurring within that time. Cladogram only represents the common ancestral relationships between organisms
Protein RelatednessComparison of amino acid sequences in proteins to identify similarity, even across distantly related species. [Fewer differences between organism's protein amino acid sequences then there are between nucleotide sequences since DNA changes do not always result in amino acid mutation]
DNA HybridisationSingle-stranded DNA absorbs UV light, double-stranded doesn't since DNA separates at 87°C [every 1°C difference under 87°C and separation is a 1% difference]