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level: Biotechnology

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Biotechnology

QuestionAnswer
Describe the process of making recombinant DNA1. Isolation of DNA and cutting of DNA (restriction enzymes) 2. Insertion of DNA fragment (plasmid vector) 3. Joining of DNA (DNA ligase) 4. Amplification of recombinant DNA (bacterial transformation)
Explain the purpose of polymerase chain reaction (PCR).To amplify a segment of DNA, producing numerous copies of the target DNA sequence for various applications such as DNA sequencing, genetic testing, and research analysis.
Explain the purpose of gel electrophoresis.To separate and analyse DNA, RNA, or proteins based on their size and charge, allowing for the study of genetic variations, identification of biomarkers, or detection of specific molecules.
Define 'restriction enzymes'Enzymes that recognize specific DNA sequences and cleave the DNA at,or near those sequences.
Define a 'plasmid vector'A small, circular DNA molecule used in molecular biology to carry and transfer foreign DNA into host cells for various applications, such as gene cloning or gene expression studies.
Define 'DNA ligase'An enzyme that assists in DNA replication and repair, by catalysing the joining of DNA fragments or sealing in the DNA backbone.