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level: Gene expression

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Gene expression

QuestionAnswer
Define an anticodonA sequence of three nucleotides found on transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules that specifically recognizes and pairs with a complementary codon on messenger RNA (mRNA) during protein synthesis, ensuring the accurate translation of genetic information into amino acids.
Define an anticodonA sequence of three nucleotides found on transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules that specifically recognizes and pairs with a complementary codon on messenger RNA (mRNA) during protein synthesis, ensuring the accurate translation of genetic information into amino acids.
Define RNARNA stands for ribonucleic acid. It is a type of nucleic acid that plays a crucial role in the synthesis of proteins, among other functions. RNA contains the sugar ribose instead of deoxyribose and the nitrogenous base uracil instead of thymine
Define mRNAmRNA stands for messenger RNA. It is a type of RNA molecule that carries the genetic information encoded in DNA from the nucleus to the ribosome in the cytoplasm, where it serves as a template for protein synthesis.
Define an exonAn exon is a coding sequence within a gene that contains the information necessary to produce a functional protein. During gene expression, exons are transcribed into messenger RNA (mRNA), which is then translated into a protein.
Define a geneA gene is a segment of DNA that contains the instructions for the development, function, and reproduction of an organism.
Define a genomeA genome is the complete set of genetic information (DNA) of an organism, including all of its genes and non-coding sequences.
Define a genotypeGenotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, which comprises the unique combination of alleles inherited from its parents for each gene locus (location).
Define an intronA non-coding segment of DNA within a gene that is transcribed into RNA. Important in gene regulation and generating protein diversity through alternative splicing.
Define a codonA sequence of three consecutive nucleotides (adenine, cytosine, guanine, or uracil) in mRNA that encodes a specific amino acid or serves as a stop signal during protein synthesis.
Define an anticodonA sequence of three nucleotides found on transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules that recognizes and pairs with a complementary codon on mRNA during protein synthesis, ensuring accurate translation of genetic information into amino acids.
Define 'noncoding DNA'Segments of DNA within a genome that do not code for proteins but rather have regulatory or structural roles including gene expression regulation, chromosome structure maintenance, and serving as evolutionary remnants.
Provide one example of gene expressionAn example of gene expression in DNA is when a gene is transcribed into mRNA, which is translated into a protein, allowing for manifestation of a particular trait or function in an organism.
Define transcriptionThe process where the genetic information encoded in DNA is synthesized into a complementary RNA molecule.
Define translationThe process in which genetic information encoded in mRNA is used to synthesize proteins within a cell.
Recall an example of a transcription factor gene that regulates morphology (HOX transcription factor family) and cell differentiation (sex-determining region Y).The HOX transcription factor family controls the development of body structures and organs, while the sex-determining region Y (SRY) gene regulates cell differentiation, specifically determining male sexual characteristics.
Define a HOX geneGenes that play a fundamental role in regulating the development and patterning of body structures and organs during embryonic development.
Define the sex-determing region Y gene (SRY gene)A gene located on the Y chromosome that triggers the development of male characteristics and determines the sex of an individual.