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level: DNA structure and replication

Questions and Answers List

level questions: DNA structure and replication

QuestionAnswer
What does 'DNA' stand forDeoxyribonucleic acid
Define a histoneHistones are proteins that help package and organize DNA in the nucleus of a cell. They act like spools around which DNA is wound to form compact structures called nucleosomes, which can help regulate gene expression and protect DNA from damage.
Define a chromosomeA chromosome is a long, continuous strand of DNA that carries genetic information in the form of genes.
What is the function of DNA?The primary function of DNA is to carry and transmit genetic information from one generation of cells or organisms to the next.
Define helicase and its roleHelicase is an enzyme that plays a critical role in DNA replication and repair. Its primary function is to unwind and separate the double-stranded DNA molecule into two separate strands, creating a replication fork. This is accomplished by breaking the hydrogen bonds between complementary nucleotide base pairs in the DNA molecule, allowing the strands to separate and be copied.
What is DNA polymerease?DNA polymerase is an enzyme that plays a central role in DNA replication, the process by which cells copy their genetic material before cell division. DNA polymerase adds nucleotide building blocks to a growing chain of DNA in a specific sequence, using the existing DNA strand as a template.
What is the stucture of DNA?DNA is a double helix structure composed of two long strands of nucleotides. Each nucleotide is made up of a sugar molecule (deoxyribose), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, cytosine, or thymine). The nucleotides are linked by covalent bonds between the sugar and phosphate groups, forming a sugar-phosphate backbone. The nitrogenous bases form hydrogen bonds between complementary bases on the opposite strand, holding the two strands together.