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level: The Standard Model

Questions and Answers List

level questions: The Standard Model

QuestionAnswer
what is an order of magnitudea division or multiplication by ten (between 1m and 10m there is one order of magnitude)
what are fundamental particlesparticles which cannot be broken down into any smaller/ sub particles
what are the three types of fundamental particlesquarks leptons bosons
what are fermionsthe group of fundamental particles that give rise to matter
what are the two groups of fermionsquarks leptons
what are the three pairings/generations of matter quarksup & down charm & strange top & bottom
what are the six types of matter leptonselectron, electron neutrino muon, muon neutrino tau, tau neutrino
what is meant by antimatterparticles which have the same mass but opposite charge to their matter partners
what are hadronscombining quarks formed when quarks combine
under what conditions only can hadrons existwhen their constituent parts give a whole number charge ie, 0 or 1
what are the two groups of hadronsbaryons mesons
what are baryons made ofthree quarks
what are mesons made ofquark - antiquark pair
give examples of baryonsneutron proton anti proton
give example of mesonspion kion upsilon
what is the name given to the interactions that occur between leptons, baryons and mesonsfundamental forces
what are the four fundamental fourcesstrong nuclear force weak nuclear force electromagnetic force gravitational force
what is given to the name of the force mediating particles associated with each fundamental forcegauge bosons
what is the force mediating particle of electromagnetic forcephotons
what is the electromagnetic forcea combination of the electrostatic and magnetic force
what is the function of the electromagnetic forceholds electrons within atoms
what are the force mediating particles of weak nuclear forceW and Z bosons
what is the function of the weak nuclear forceinvolved in radioactive beta decay experienced in quark and lepton interactions
what is the force mediating particle of strong nuclear forceGluons
what is the function of the strong nuclear forceholds protons together in the nucleus of an atom
what is the force mediating particle associated with the gravitational forceGraviton
what is the function of the gravitational forceit holds matter in planets, stars and galaxies together
what is the symbol and charge of an up quarku 2/3
what is the symbol and charge of a down quarkd -1/3
what is the symbol and charge of a charm quarkc 2/3
what is the symbol and charge of a strange quarks -1/3
what is the symbol and charge of a top quarkt 2/3
what is the symbol and charge of a bottom quarkb -1/3
what happens when matter and antimatter meetthey annihilate (both particles destroyed) release energy as 2 gamma ray photons photons move off in opposite directions to conserve momentum
what is annihilation evidence forthe existence of anti matter
what is the notation for anti particleadd a bar to the top of the original particle
what is beta decayemission of an electron by a nucleus
what are the two types of beta decayB- decay B+ decay
what is emitted during B- decayelectron  antineutrino
what is beta decay evidence forexistence of the neutrino
what is the equation for B- decay...
describe B- decaya fast moving electron is emitted by the nucleus in order to emit an electron one of the neutrons in the nucleus decays to a proton and an electron the new proton remains in the nucleus while the electron is emitted as a beta particle. An electron anti-neutrino is also emitted.