Buscar
Estás en modo de exploración. debe iniciar sesión para usar MEMORY

   Inicia sesión para empezar

level: Vitamin B12

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Vitamin B12

QuestionAnswer
Vitamin B12 is typically low in this population: ___________Elderly
What are the 2 only active types of vitamin B12 in humans?Methylcobalamin 5 Deoxyadenosylcobalamin
Benefits of using cyanocobalamin for supplementation (3)high stability Cost Effectiveness (Biggest benefit) Safety of use
RDA for male and females2.4 mcg/d
RDA for pregnancy and lactation2.6 mcg/d 2.8 mcg/d
One of the only B/water soluble vitamins that is significantly __________stored
Vitamin B12 is stored in the __<where>____ for ___<insert time span>___liver 3-5 years
Vitamin B12 sources (3)Meat Dairy/eggs Fortified foods
Vitamin B non-meat sources include ________ and _________ . They are not reliable sourcesMushrooms Nori
What are the highest sources of vit b12? (2)Shellfish Liver
Food processing foods decrease absorption by ________%50%
Vitamin B12 doesn't like to be by itself so it always binds to a __________new protein
Vitamin B12 mostly gets absorbed in the __________illeum of the small intestine
The 4 steps of vitamin B absorption: 1) Detached from protein by ___________ 2) Then vitamin B binds to __________ found in _______ 3) Once in small intestine, vit B bonds to _________ made by __________ 4) Then, vit B binds to ________ at this step, _______ is needed1) HCl or Pepsin 2) R-protein, Saliva 3) Intrinsic Factor, Parietal Cells 4) IF receptor @ cell, Calcium
What is metformin used for?Treatment of DM2, PCOS, MS
Metformin decreases absorption of vitamin B12 because it effects the levels of __________Calcium
R-protein is in the ________, but is called _________ and ________ once in the blood streamStomach transcobalamin 1 Haptocorrin
Vitamin B12 claim (2) things.Energy Weight loss NOT a direct correlation
Vitamin B12 binds to __________ and _________ I, II, III in the blood. Which one is the most common binding?Haptocorrin (most common) TC (transcobalamin)
Once in the cell, vitamin B12 gets split from a protein by the _________. B12 then binds to ___________Lysosome Chaperone Protein
B12 coenzymes: (2)Methione Synthase L-Methylmalonyl CoA Mutase
Methione synthase is important because:Converts homocysteine to methionine
L-Methylmalonyl coA Mutase is important for:The Krebs Cycle
Vitamin B12 takes methyl group from ______ and give it to ____________ and turn it into ____________Folate Homocysteine Methionine
Which form of folate is the one we need: TH4, 5-Methyl TH4TH4
What is the folate trapDonation and movement of methyl group
Importance of S-Adenosylmethione (SAM) (5)DNA Methylation Antioxidants Creatine Carnitine Melatonin SAM makes CC MAD
Which antioxidants does SAM help to upkeep? (2)Taurine Glutathione
Homocysteine isn't bad unless.....Too much for too long
Homocysteine is regulated by: (4)B2 B6 B9 B12 *Cereal has all of these
B2 name:Riboflavin
B6 name:Peridoxyl
B9 name:Folate
B12 name:Cobalamin
Homocysteine damages the ________ of arteries by increasing _________ and decreasing _________Endothelium Oxidative stress Elasticity
___________ -> Methylmalonyl coA -> ___________ when L-Methylmalonyl coase is present.Propionyl coA Succinyl coA
L-Methylmalonyl coA turns into __________ if no L-methylmalonyl Coase is present. This is bad because just like Homocysteine, _____ for _______ is badMethlyl malonic acid. too much too long
Oxidation of ________, ________, _______, and _________ makes propionyl CoAMethione Isoleucine Threonine odd # FA
What is succinyl coA good for?Krebbs cycle
B12 does not directly affect the myelin sheath, but __________ because of ________ will!Byproducts deficiency
B12 is is stored ______ in the liver, ______ in the muscles, and the rest in the bones, kidney, heart and brains.1/2 1/3
What are the 2 main deficiency byproducts of vitamin BMMA Homocysteine
What are the 3 causes of Vitamin B12 deficiency?Malabsorption Diet Medications
What kind of malabsorption diseases decrease Vitamin B12 absorption?Crohns SIBO
What diets increase risk for vit b12 deficiency?Vegans Wt loss surgeries
What 2 medications increase risk for vitb12 deficiency?Metformin PPIs
What two types of anemia can come from vitamin B12 deficiency?Megaloblastic Pernicious
Folate can also cause _________ anemia. Of mistaken, folate can be given instead of B12. This is bad because _______ and _______ will increase (deficiency byproducts), and this can cause _________megaloblastic MMA Homcysteine Nerve damage
Signs and symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency? (5)Fatigue Breath shortness Heart palpitations Decrease concentration Parasthesia
What are 4 neurological symptoms that can occur because of vit b12 deficiency? *Neurological symptoms from vitamin B12 deficiency may be irreversible!Clumsiness Poor coordination Abnormal gait numbness/pain in extremities
Disease risks (for Vit B deficiency) (6)Neural tube defect CVD Bone health Cognitive decline ARMD Frailty/disability
When ______ is low, it inhibits vitamin B12 absorptionCa
Low ________ requires more vitb12 to be consumediron
Adults over the age of _______ are recommended to take a supplement or eat fortified foods50
Vitamin B supplement should be taken by itself and in reasonable doses because ______ and _______ can break down vit B12, and the more vitamin B that is in the supplement, the more _________ decreasesCu Vitamin C % absorption rate