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level: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION OF DRUGS

Questions and Answers List

level questions: ANTIMICROBIAL ACTION OF DRUGS

QuestionAnswer
Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis1 Penicillins 2 Monobactam 3 Carbapenems 4 Cephalosporins 5 Polypeptide Antibiotics
They have a beta lactam ring which is its nucleusPenicillins
Natural Penicillins1 Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin) 2 Penicillin V (Phenoxymethylpenicillin)
A drug of choice for rheumatic heart disease and syphilis Injected Intramuscular and rapidly excreted from the body in 3 to 6 hoursPenicillin G (Benzylpenicillin)
They can retain the concentration of penicillin up to 24 hours and concentration peaks in 4 hoursProcaine / benzocaine penicillin
Retention time is about 4 months the concentration of drug is so slow because the organism must be very sensitive to the drugBenzathine penicillin
They are drug for streptococci, staphylococci and several spirochetes However, they are narrow spectrum and are susceptible to penicillinasePenicillin V & G
Penicillinase-resistant Drugs1 Methicillin 2 Nafcillin 3 Isoxazoyl Penicillins (Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxaciliin)
Aminopenicillins are broad or narrow spectrumBroad spectrum
Aminopenicillins/Antistaphylococcal Penicillin types1 Ampicillin (Parenteral) 2 Amoxicillin (PO)
Extended Spectrum/Anti-Pseudomonal Penicillins types1 Carboxypenicillin (Carbenicillin and ticarcillin) 2 Ureidopenicillin (Piperacillin, Azlocillin, Mezlocilllin)
The first semi synthetic design to evade the action of penicillinaseMethicillin
It causes Interstitial NephritisMethicillin
many strains of ___ strains developed resistance to methicillin which is called ___staphylococcus, MRSA (Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus)
Bacterium that causes infection in different parts of the body and is tougher to treat than most strains of staphylococcus aureus because it is resistant to some commonly used antibioticsMRSA
To replace Methicillin because of MRSA, there are 4 developed antibiotics, these are1 Nafcillin 2 Oxacillin, Cloxacillin, Dicloxacillin 2 (BEST ABSORBED ORALLY)
They have poor GI absorption if given orally They have ProdrugsAmpicillin (Parenteral)
Ampicillin prodrugsHetacillin, Bacampicillin, Cyclacillin
Ampicillin is also combined withsulbactam
Meaning they are made to avoid undesirable effects during absorption, it also improves bioavailability, metabolize into pharmacologically active drug and converted into ampicillin after metabolismProdrugs
are competitive inhibitor of penicillinase, they are only added to compete with penicillinase provided by enzyme and they do not have antibacterial activity1 Sulbactam, 2 Clavulanic acid 3 Tazobactam
Known as co-amoxiclavAmoxicillin (given by mouth) + clavulanic acid
It is given if the patient is resistant with ampicillin and amoxycillin They are very effective especially against Pseudomonas aeruginosaCarboxypenicillin
Ureidopenecillin types1 Piperacillin 2 Azlocillin 3 Mezlocilllin
This is the most potent Ureidopenicillin and commonly combined with TazobactamPiperacillin