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level: features of a science

Questions and Answers List

level questions: features of a science

QuestionAnswer
What is emprical methods?Information that is gained directly through an experiment or observation rather than through unreasoned beliefs and resoned arguments
What is theory construction?A collection of general principles that explains observations and facts that helps to understand and predict natural phenomena
What is replicability?Used to demonstrate validty, re-testing the experiment to see if the same results will be seen. This means that the study needs to be recorded carefully
What is hypothesis testing?General testable expections. If the predictions are found then the theory is correct
What is falsibility?The idea that the only way to confirm a theory is to disconfirm it, seek to prove it wrong.
What is paradigm?A unified set of assumptions and methods
What is a paradigm shift?Gradually disconfirming a theory and the dominant theory is overthrown
What is objectivity?Data that is unaffected by the expectations of the experimenter
For and Agaisnt emperical method. (is psychology a science)F: Uses scienfitic theories in investigations A: Too reductionst and deterministic, not looking at complex behaviour
For and against objectivity. (is psychology a science)F: IV manipulates the DV to see the effects, usually very objective A: Study of humans is complex and can't be done in a science experiment and may require subjectity. High objectivity ---> low ecological validity
For and against replicability. (is psychology a science)F: high levels of control and standardised procedures A: High levels of control means that it can't be applied to real life (demand characteristics)
For and against theory constructions. (is psychology a science)F: Theory comes through from observations, means there are theories to back them up A: No unifying framework or theory in psychology
For and against falsifiability. (is psychology a science)F: Theories are constantly being changed and developed, means psychology can develop. A: Can't always test things ethically or something like the mind and conciousness. Also, if a theory can't be falsified this doesn't mean it's incorrect - there's null theory
For and against paradigm. (is psychology a science)F: Allows for an overarching theory, makes it easier for scientists to agree and make overall assumptions A: Too many conflicting ideas and internal disagreements
For and against paradigm shift. (is psychology a science)F: Allows you to see the shift in ideas over time A: Still too many conflicting approaches and evidence to ignore