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level: Cell Membrane

Questions and Answers List

level questions: Cell Membrane

QuestionAnswer
Why do small single celled organisms have a high surface area to volume ratio?Allows them to rely on oxygen and material diffusing into the cell. The higher the surface area to volume ratio they have, the more effective this process can be.
Define the cell membrane structureConsists of a phospholipid bilayer with their tails pointing inward, which forms a barrier between two aqueous compartments.
Define the structure of phospholipid bilayersConsists of two layers of phospholipids, with a hydrophobic, interior and a hydrophilic exterior. The hydrophilic (polar) head group and hydrophobic tails (fatty acid chains) are depicted in the single phospholipid molecule.
Define the structure of cholesterolCholesterol is a 27 carbon compound with a hydrocarbon tail, a central sterol nucleus made of four hydrocarbon rings, and a hydroxyl group.
Define glycoproteinsProteins containing glycans attached to amino acid side chains.
What is the function of a protein channel?Acts as a pore in the membrane that lets water molecules or small ions through quickly.
Define diffusionThe movement of individual molecules of a substance through a semipermeable barrier from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Define osmosisThe movement of a solvent (such as water) through a semipermeable membrane into a solution of higher solute concentration.
Define active transportA mode of transportation in plants, which uses stored energy to move the particles against the concentration gradient.
Define endocytosisThe process by which cells take in substances from outside of the cell by engulfing them in a vesicle
Define phagocytosisThe process by which a cell uses its plasma membrane to engulf a large particle
Define hydrophobicA property of a substance that repels water
Define hydrophilicA molecular entity that is attracted to water
Why do small single celled organisms have a high surface area to volume ratio?Allows them to rely on oxygen and material diffusing into the cell. The higher the surface area to volume ratio they have, the more effective this process can be.