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level: THE HUMAN BODY

Questions and Answers List

level questions: THE HUMAN BODY

QuestionAnswer
• Study of structures of the body • Means to dissectAnatomy
• Study of the processes and functions of the body o To understand and predict the body’s response to stimuli o To understand how the body maintains conditions with the narrow change of values in the presence of continually changing internal and external environments.Physiology
What are the types of ANATOMY?SYSTEMATIC REGIONAL SURFACE ANATOMICAL IMAGING
It is the study of the body by Organ SystemSystematic
It uses superficial structures to locate deeper structuresSurface
It is the study of the body by regionsRegional
It is non-invasive method for examining deep structures (e.g.: MRI, CT Scan, X-ray)Anatomical Imaging
What are the structural levels of the body?Chemical Cell Tissue Organ Organ System Organism
What are the Characteristics of Life?ORGANIZATION METABOLISM RESPONSIVENESS GROWTH DEVELOPMENT REPRODUCTION
❖ Maintenance of nearly constant conditions in the internal environment ▪ Ability to maintain stable internal environment ▪ The goal of all physiologic processes ->HOMEOSTASIS
It is conditions that change; physiologically controlledVariable
It is the ideal or the normal rangeSet point
• Regulating most body systems where any deviations from the set point is made smaller or is resisted. • Maintains variation within a normal rangeNegative Feedback
What are the components of Homeostasis?Receptor Control Center Effector
It monitors the value of a variableReceptor
It establishes the set point around which the variable is maintainedControl Center
It changes the value of the variable (stimulus) which initiates a homeostatic mechanismEffector
• Initial stimulus further stimulates the response. • Deviation from the set point becomes greater • Self-augmenting, vicious cycle and harmful most of the time.Positive Feedback
It is when person standing erect with face and palms down. Term used when the person lying face up. Term used when personANATOMICAL POSITION -Supine -Prone
• SuperiorAbove
• InferiorBelow
• AnteriorFront
• PosteriorBack
• MedialClose to Midline
• LateralAway from Midline
• ProximalClose to point of attachment
• DistalFar from point of attachment
• SuperficialClose to surface
• DeepToward interior of body
What are the Body Regions?-Upper Limbs -Lower Limbs -Central -Trunk
What are the Body Planes? and its descrption.-Sagittal(runs vertically seperates body in left and right) -Mid Sagittal(runs down the middle,divides body into equal left and right) -Transverse(runs horizontally,separates top ang bottom) -Frontal(runs vertically,separates anterior and posterior)
BODY CAVITIES-Thoracic Cavity -Mediastinum -Abdominal Cavity -Pelvic Cavity -Pericardial Cavity -Pleural Cavity -Peritoneal Cavity
• Thoracic cavity: heart, lungs, thymus gland, esophagus, trachea
• Mediastinum: divides thoracic cavity into left and right
• Abdominal cavity: stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, kidneys
• Pelvic cavity: urinary bladder, reproductive organs, part of large intestine
• Pericardial cavity: around heart
• Pleural cavity: around lungs
• Peritoneal cavity: around abdominopelvic cavity
What are the 2 Membranes?-Mesentery -Serous Membrane
It cover organs and line cavity walls.-Serous Membrane
double-layered membrane that covers organs and anchors them to body wall-Mesentery
2 types of Serous Membrane and its function-Visceral Membrane(covers organ) -Parietal Membrane(lines cavity wall)