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The structure and function of ANS


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[Front]


What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system
[Back]


Sympathetic --> flight or fight response Parasympathetic --> eating, sexual arousal , urination , digestion etc.

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The structure and function of ANS - Detalles

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What are the 2 divisions of the autonomic nervous system
Sympathetic --> flight or fight response Parasympathetic --> eating, sexual arousal , urination , digestion etc.
What are ganglia
Cell bodies of neurons in the autonomic nervous system
What are some features of the parasympathetic ganglia and fibres
Generally the ganglia of the parasympathetic system are located close to, or sometimes within the structures controlled by the systems The preganglionic fibres tend to be long and postganglionic fibres tend to be short Also have cranio-sacral outflow
What are some features of the sympathetic ganglia and fibres
Preganglionic fibres of the sympathetic branch leave the CNS from the thoracic and lumbar regions - so called thoraco-lumbar outflow Synapses between pre - and postganglionic neurons are mostly located in ganglia close to the spinal cord So preganglionic fibres are short and post-ganglionic fibres long
What neurotransmitter, do preganglionic neurons release
Acetylcholine which acts on nicotinic ACh receptors on the postganglionic neurons which have ion channels
What transmitter is used in postganglionic neurons at sympathetic
Noradrengenic so they use noradrenaline except sweat glands that use ACh
What transmitter is used in postganglionic neurons in parasympathetic
Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons are usually cholinergic --> ACh
What is the function of chromaffin cells
Adrenal chromaffin cells release adrenaline which circulates in the bloodstream
What does the ANS do in the CVS
Heart rate Force of contraction of the heart Peripheral resistance of blood vessels DOES NOT initiate the electrical activity in the heart
Where is the CVS control centre located
Medulla oblongata --> located in the brain stem
What are some inputs of the parasympathetic system to the heart
Synapse with postganglionic cells on epicardial surface or within walls of heart at SA and AV node Releases ACh Acts on M2 receptors Decreases heart rate Decreased AV node conduction velocity
What are some inputs of the sympathetic system to the heart
Innervate SA node , AV node and myocardium Releases noradrenaline Acts on B1 adrenoreceptors Increases heart rate Increases force of contraction
Effect of sympathetic on pacemaker potentials
Increases the slope Mediated by B1 receptors G-protein coupled receptors (Gs ) Increase cAMP → ligand to HCN channel Leads to the speeding up of pacemaker potentials
Effect of parasympathetic on pacemaker potentials
Decreases slope mediated by M2 receptors G-protein coupled receptors (Gi ) Increase K+ conductance and decrease cAMP
What is the simplified baroreceptor reflex
Baroreceptor → Afferent → medulla → efferent → effector ( heart and blood vessels )
What happens to blood vessels when a1 adrenoreceptors are activated
Vasoconstriction --> due to increased Ca2+ By PKA which leads to contraction
What happens to blood vessel when B2 adrenoreceptors are activated
Activating β2 adrenoceptors causes vasodilation